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double entendre
a word or phrase that might be understood in two ways, one of which is usually sexual
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podwójne dno
coś co ma dwa różne znaczenia, jedno z nich często ma podtekst erotyczny
hyperbole
a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are:
The blurb on the back of the book was full of the usual hyperbole - "enthralling", "fascinating", and so on.
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hiperbola
irony
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ironia
malapropism
the wrong use of one word instead of another word because they sound similar to each other, with results that are unintentionally funny
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Malapropizm
złe użycie słówka przez ich wizualne/dźwiękowe podobieństwo do siebie, tak, że efekt jest komiczny
metaphor
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metafora
metonymy
the act of referring to something using a word that describes one of its qualities or features
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metonimia
paradox
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paradoks
pun
a humorous use of a word or phrase that has several meanings or that sounds like another word:
This is a well-known joke based on a pun: "What's black and white and red (= read) all over?" "A newspaper."
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kalambur
repartee
quick and usually funny answers and remarks in conversation:
Oscar Wilde's plays are full of witty repartee.
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riposta
sarcasm
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sarkazm
satire
Her play was a biting/cruel satire on life in the 80s.
a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or play that uses this style:
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satyra
simile
(the use of) an expression comparing one thing with another, always including the words "as" or "like":
The lines "She walks in beauty, like the night..." from Byron's poem contain a simile.
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porównanie
soliloquy
a speech in a play that the character speaks to himself or herself or to the people watching rather than to the other characters:
Hamlet's soliloquy starts "To be or not to be".
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monolog
spoonerism
a mistake made when speaking in which the first sounds of two words are exchanged with each other to produce a not intended and usually funny meaning:
The Reverend William Spooner used to produce spoonerisms such as "a scoop of boy trouts" instead of what he meant to say - "a troop of boy scouts".
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spoonerism Anglais
łyżka
synecdoche
a word or phrase in which a part of something is used to refer to the whole of it, for example "a pair of hands" for "a worker", or the whole of something is used to refer to a part, for example "the law" for "a police officer"
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synegdocha
understatement
a statement that describes something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is, or the act of making such statements:
To say that her resignation was a shock would be an understatement - it caused panic.
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niedomówienie
wellerism
Everyone to his own taste - the old woman said when she kissed her cow
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Wellerism
oxymoron
two words used together that have, or seem to have, opposite meanings
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oksymoron
dwa słowa o przeciwstawnym znaczeniu

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