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towar
a primary product that can be bought and sold, e.g. grain, oil, or wood
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a commodity
targować się
to argue back and forth about a price
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to haggle
udział
the value of shares in an investment
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equity
przedsiębiorczy
ability to create business opportunities
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entrepreneurial
inflacja
a general increase in prices
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inflation
netto
after all costs have been subtracted from an amount
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net
obniżać się
to decrease or go down
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to decline
na głowę
per person
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per capita
regulować
to control according to a set of rules
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to regulate
dotacja
money given by a government or other organization to support an activity
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a subsidy
namacalny
real, able to touch
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tangible
wydobywać
to take out
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to extract
destylować
to remove one liquid from a mixture of liquids by boiling; to extract value from a mix of ideas
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to distil
kursować
to move back and forth between two places
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to shuttle
nieustraszony
fearless
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intrepid
kupiec
a person who makes a living by selling things
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a merchant
proporcjonalnie
divided according to a ratio
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proportionately
alokować
to give out different amounts for different purposes
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to allocate
prototyp
a preliminary version of a product
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a prototype
nagroda
something given in recognition of an achievement
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a reward
wybory
a process in which people choose officials
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an election
koalicja
a group of several different groups that are working together for a common goal
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a coalition
prawość
personal honesty and good character
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integrity
cynicznie
distrustful of human integrity
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cynically
władza
the power to make decisions,
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authority
zażarcie
strongly and with a lot of bad feelings
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bitterly
kandydat
someone who wants to be chosen for a position
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a candidate
podważać
to challenge
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to contest
inaugurować
to start formally
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to inaugurate
polityka (zasady postępowania)
an approved way for approaching a certain kind of situation
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a policy
opowiadać się za
to speak out in favor of something
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to advocate
przeprowadzać sondaż
to find out a small group’s opinion in order to estimate what larger group thinks
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to poll
przekupstwo
giving money or other gifts to a government to get special privileges
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bribery
ulegać erozji
to wear away
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to erode
pokraczny
extremely unattractive
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grotesque
szeroko rozpowszechniony
common
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prevalent
reformować
to make changes
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to reform
skandal
a case of wrongdoing that hurts someone’s reputation
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a scandal
demaskować
to expose something that is hidden
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to unmask
oskarżać
to say that someone did something wrong
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to accuse
dowód
the facts or information around a particular proposition
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evidence
winny
responsible for doing something bad
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guilty
rzekomo
according to what people say
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allegedly
cywilny
involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal charge
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civil
skazywać
to decide that someone is guilty of a crime
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to convict
przestępstwo
an act that breaks the law
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an offense
podejrzany
someone who might have committed a certain crime
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a suspect
werdykt
a judgment in a court case
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a verdict
rówieśnik
a person who is one’s social equal
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a peer
być świadkiem
to see something happen first hand
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to witness
potępiać
to speak out against something in very strong terms
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to condemn
schwytać
to capture
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to apprehend
ustalać
to find something out
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to ascertain
dochodzenie
an investigation
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an inquiry
biurokratyczny
related to a large organization with a lot of complicated procedures
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bureaucratic
implikować
to suggest that someone was involved in a crime
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to implicate
natarczywie
interfering in an unwanted way
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intrusively
konfiskować
to take something against its owner’s will
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to seize
obserwacja
a process of watching something or someone for a long time
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surveillance
piractwo
stealing a ship or taking the ship’s cargo; the unlawful copying of books, CDs, etc
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piracy
porwanie
kidnapping
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abduction
przemycać
to illegally bring things into a country
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to smuggle
błędne wyobrażenie
a mistaken belief
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a misconception
przymuszać
to put pressure on someone to do something
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to coerce
przetrzymywać
to hold someone in a place for a short period of time
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to detain
wykolejony
in a style that is abnormal in a negative way
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deviant
zniekształcać
to twist, alter for the worse or misrepresent
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to distort
zestawiać
to place next to one another
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to juxtapose
celowo
on purpose
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intentionally
kłopotliwe położenie
a difficult situation
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predicament
nikczemność
the acts of a villain
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villainy
uzależniający
causing very strong habit formation
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addictive
kartel
a group that controls supply of something with the aim of maintaining high prices
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a cartel
skoncentrowany
strong because large amounts are in a certain space
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concentrated
zakazywać
to keep something from reaching a certain place
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to interdict
modyfikować
to make small changes
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to modify
potężny
powerful
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potent
szczątkowy
left behind after most of a thing has gone
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residual
nieznacznie
in a barely noticable way
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subtly
ojcowski
relating to a father
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paternal
potomek
a direct relative in a later generations
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a descendant
krewni
relatives
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kin
sentyment
opinion based on feelings
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sentiment
rodowy
relating to family members from earlier generations
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ancestral
wspólny
as a shared characteristic
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in common
jedność
ability to stay together as a unit
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cohesion
prawowity
conforming to the laws
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legitimate
bliskość
nearness
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proximity
rodzeństwo
a brother or sister
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siblings
sympatia
an emotional closeness or warmth
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affection
zadawać się
someone you cooperate with
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an associate
więź
a close connection
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bond
powierzać
to tell personal secrets
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to confide
dziedzictwo
things passed down to you from your ancestors
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an inheritance
ekskluzywny
keeping out all but a few people
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exclusive
wahać się
to change often, from one condition to another
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to fluctuate
solidarność
standing together in the face of opposition
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solidarity
chętny
agreeable and ready to do something
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willing

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