market leader - lekcja 4

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categories
groups of products that are of the same type
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kategorie
rates
basic charges for a service
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ceny
demand
the need that people have for particular goods and services
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popyt
returns
goods returned because they are faulty or not wanted
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zwroty
promotions
activities indeed to help sell a product
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promocje
discounts
reductions in the usual price
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zniżki
channels
the systems you use getting for getting goods to customers
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kanały
consolidation
bringing together separate activities into one larger whole
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fuzja unijna
prospects
the possibility that something will happen
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widoki na przyszłość, perspektywy
trade down
buy a cheaper kind of thing than before
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stargować
to be trusted
thought to be good
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można ufać
especially valued
considered important
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szczególnie cenione
good value
worth the money you pay for it
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najkorzystniejszych
damage
have a bad effect on something
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szkoda / krzywda
temporary
only needed for a short time
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czasowy / okresowy
abandon
stop doing something because it's too difficult
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porzucić
downturn
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spadek koniunktury
slowdown
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zwolnienie
cut back
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cofać się
fixed costs
usual expenses such as a rent, heating, lighting, which are not changed by the volume of production
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koszty stałe
variable costs
expenses which increase with increased production (labour, raw materials)
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koszty zmienne
manufacturing costs
all costs directly related to production
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koszty produkcji
labour costs
the cost of employing workers and staff
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koszty pracy
operating costs
the costs for the day-to-day running of a company or business
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koszty operacyjne
cost price
selling at a price which is exactly what the product has cost to make
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Cena fabryczna
cost analysis
the study of all likely costs associated with a product
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Analiza kosztów
cost centre
a business in a chain, or a subsidiary, but treated as independent for accounting
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centrum kosztów
subsidiary
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spółka zależna
cost of sales
the total costs for all products sold
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Koszt sprzedaży
manufacturing
the process or business of producing goods in factories
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produkcja
variable
likely to change often
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zmienna
erratic
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niekonsekwentny
volatile
a volatile situation or character is likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly
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zmienny
cost of goods sold (COGS)
refer to the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period
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koszt własny sprzedaży

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