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In 1895 the BSAC adopted the name "Rhodesia" for this territory The general health of the population also began to significantly decline; by 1997 an estimated 25% of the population had been infected by HIV in a pandemic that was affecting most of southern Africa. In the 1880s European colonists arrived with Cecil Rhodes's British South Africa Company (BSAC, incorporated in 1888, chartered in 1889). In 1888 Rhodes obtained a concession for mining rights from King Lobengula of the Ndebele peoples. commencer à apprendre		Zimbabwe (390.757 km²) Zimbabwe's first president after its independence was Canaan Banana in what was originally a mainly ceremonial role as Head of State. Robert Mugabe, leader of the ZANU party, was the country's first Prime Minister and Head of Government.
adopted in 1980, composed of seven horizontal stripes Black represents the African population, the red blood shed during the struggle for independence, yellow mineral wealth and green fruitful landscape, and white traditionally symbolises peace. commencer à apprendre		Zimbabwe The colors were inspired by the flag of the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front, which pushed for gaining independence of the former Rhodesia from Great Britain.
adopted in 1959 after it was freed from the French rule The flag is almost identical to the flag of Romania, but its blue stripe has a darker shade. The flag has been inspired by the French tricolor asit was for many years a French colony. At the same time, it carries two Pan-African colors and therefore refers to ties both to France and the other African countries. commencer à apprendre		Chad
After 1945 the territory shared in the French Equatorial Africa. The country achieved independence in 1960 but has had decades of civil war despite frequent intervention by France and Libya, resulting in political instability and a lack of economic development. commencer à apprendre		Chad (1,284,000 km²)
former South African Province The Boer victory confirmed the ZAR's independence; however, Anglo-ZAR tensions soon flared up again over various diplomatic issues. In 1899, war again broke out between Britain and the ZAR, which was swiftly occupied by the British military. The ZAR was established as a result of the 1852 Sand River Convention, in which the British government agreed to formally recognise independence of the Boers living north of the Vaal River. commencer à apprendre		Transvaal (Republic) The Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), also known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer Republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War. Many Boer combatants in the ZAR refused to surrender, leading to the adoption of several scorched-earth policies. In the treaty which ended the war, the ZAR was transformed into the Transvaal Colony, and eventually the Union of South Africa.
former South African province After the British annexation of the Republic, most local Voortrekkers trekked northwest into Transorangia, later known as the Orange Free State, and the South African Republic. This province is still home to the Zulu nation; native speakers of the Zulu language form 77.8% of the population. The province also has a large ethnic Indian population commencer à apprendre		Natal (colony) On Christmas Day 1497 Vasco da Gama was sailing past the region now known as Transkei and named the country Terra Natalis. Farm owners had difficulties attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations, so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India. As a result, Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside India.

Geography

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