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okres przejściowy (w turystyce)
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shoulder season
a travel period between the peak and off-peak seasons
We usually travel during the shoulder season because flights are cheaper.
odpocząć
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to unwind (to wind down)
to relax and let your mind be free from worry after work or another stressful activity
Watching TV in the evening helps me to unwind after work
spędzać czas na łonie natury/na świeżym powietrzu
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to spend time in nature/ outdoors
to be outside, e.g. in a forest, in the mountains, by the sea
I love spending time outdoors at the weekend
iść na zakupy
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to go shopping
to o shops to buy things
On Saturday we usually go shopping
na przedmieściach
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in the suburbs
in an area on the edge of a big city where people live
They live somewhere in the suburbs of Houston.
gość/odwiedzający
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guest/ visitor
a person you invite to your home or event
We had ten guests at the party
gospodarz programu
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host
the person who invites guests
Our host cooked a wonderful dinner.
klient
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customer
a person who buys things or services
The shop was full of customers.
radca prawny
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a solicitor/ a lawyer
a lawyer who gives legal advice
I need to talk to my solicitor
stateczny
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stable
not changing, steady
She has a stable job
najbardziej najmniej
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most/least
the biggest/ the smallest amount
Which chore do you like most? Which do you like least?
przewidywać
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to predict
to say that something will happen in the future, especially using knowledge or experience
Wróżbita Maciej can predict your future.
wytrawny
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savoury
salty or spicy, not sweet
A pie can be sweet or savoury/ savoury pancakes
słodki
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sweet
tasting of sugar
I prefer the sweet option
opcja wytrawna/opcja słodka
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savoury option/sweet option
a salty or a sweet choice on a menu
Is there a savoury option for breakfast
masło czosnkowe/masło ziołowe
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garlic butter/ herb butter
butter mixed with garlic/with herbs
Garlic butter is great on bread
klarowane masło
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clarified butter
butter with the water and milk solids removed
Fry the onions in clarified butter
pasta
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spread
a soft food for putting on bread
cheese spread/ chocolate spread/ fish spread; There is bread and various spread for tea.
mięso mielone
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minced meat
meat cut into very small pieces
We use minced meat for burgers.
naleśniki ziemniaczane
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potato pancakes
fried pancakes made from grated potatoes
Potato pancakes are a popular Polish dish.
kaloryczny
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caloric
containing a lot of calories
Although it's only a quick snack, a hamburger is highly caloric.
składniki
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ingredients
the foods you use to make a dish
What ingredients do I need?
przepis
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recipe
Instructions for cooking a dish
Can you send me the recipe?
rozwijać
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to develop
to grow or change into something better or more complete
The flavour develops over time
sprawdzić, że cieknie komuś ślina/ narobić komuś smaka
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make someone's mouth water
when the smell or sight of food makes you want to eat it.
The smell of that bacon cooking is making my mouth water.
tekstura
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texture
Is the quality of food that you can feel in your mouth e.g. rough or smooth, soft or hard.
Fried food usually has a crisp texture. Texture adjectives: soft, hard, smooth, crunchy, crisps
wścibski/wścibski
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nosey/nosy
too interesting in what other people are doing
A rather nosey woman once asked him about his personal life.
obrazić (obrażać kogoś)
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to offend (to insult sb)
to make someone upset or angry
I think she was offended that she hadn't been invited to the party
obrażony (obrażony)
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offended (insulted)
upset or angry because of what someone said or did
He looked offended when you called him middle-aged
zachwycony
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delighted
extremely happy
I was delighted with the result
potencjalny pracownik (przyszły pracownik)
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potential employee (future worker)
a person who may start working for a company
The manager met a potential employee
negocjacje
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negotiating
discussing to reach an agreement e.g. about pay
We are negotiating my new contract
aktualna pensja
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current salary
the money you earn now
Asking about someone's current salary can be inappropriate
kołnierz/klatka piersiowa
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collar/ chest
the part of a shirt around the neck/ the front of your body
This shirt is too big tight across the chest
nieuprzejmy
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impolite/ unprofessional
This is your character, you are always like this.
you are
być niegrzecznym
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to be impolite/ to be unprofessional
You are being impolite
you are being
opalanie się
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sunbathing
lying in the sun to get a tan
We spent the whole afternoon sunbathing on the beach.
zwiedzanie
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sightseeing
visiting interesting places as a tourist
We did a lot of sightseeing in Palma
wycieczka łodzią
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trip by boat
a journey ona boat
We took a trip by boat around the island
rafa koralowa
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a coral reef
a line of rock-like coral warm, shallow sea
You can see colourful fish near the coral reef.
logistyka
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logistics
the planning and organising of a trip or event
The logistics of travelling with kids can be difficult
pleśń
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mold
a green, black or white fungus that grows in wet places
There was mold on the bathroom ceiling in our hotel room.
składać reklamację
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to make a complaint
to say officially that you are unhappy with something
I made a complaint to the reception about the mold.
w listopadzie
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in November
in + month
dobrze spędzony czas
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quality time
time spent with someone, giving them your full attention because you value the relationship
He spends quality time with his children every day
naładuj baterie
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recharge your batteries
to rest and get your energy back
I need a weekend in the mountains to recharge my batteries
przerwa, odstęp
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gap
an empty space, or a period of time between two things
There is a big gap between my morning and afternoon lessons
obowiązek
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chore
a job, often boring or unpleasant, that needs to be done regularly
I will go shopping when I have done my chores./ I find writing reports a real chore.
prasowanie
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ironing
Ironing is my least favourite chore
making clothes smooth with an iron
parować
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steam
hot water vapour; to use it to clean or cook
You can steam your shirts instead of ironing them.
delegować
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to delegate
to give a task to someone else
I delegate the vacuuming to my kids.
mnożyć
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multiply
to increase a lot in number
when you have kids, the chores multiply.
wybredny
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fussy/picky
not easily satisfied; having very high standards about particular things
all my children were fussy eaters
natrętny
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pushy
trying too hard to make others do what you want
The salesman was very pushy
wrażliwy
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sensitive
easily upset by what people say or do
Be careful what you say, she is very sensitive
powściągliwy
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reserved
not often talking about or showing your feelings or thoughts
a quiet, reserved woman/ The English have a reputation for being reserved.
niezręczny (żenujący)
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awkward (embarrassing)
making you feel uncomfortable
There was an awkward silence after his question
gafa
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faux pas
a social mistake; words or behaviour that are not polite
I made a remark about his wife's family and realised I would make a serious faux pas.
zrobić gafę
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to make a gaffe
to make a social mistake
I made a real gaffe.
odpowiedni / odpowiednia
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appropriate
right for a particular situation
Is "Piła" appropriate for small children
niewłaściwy
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inappropriate
not suitable
Asking about someone's salary is inappropriate
rozmówca
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interlocutor
the person you are talking to
Watch your interlocutor's reaction
pośród
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among
in a group of
It is ok among family or among friends, but not at work.
wypełnić formularz
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to fill in a form
to write your information in the spaces on a form
to complete a document
poufny/tajny
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confidential/ secret
meant to be kept private
chroniony
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protected
kept safe from being seen or used by others
żonaty/rozwiedziony/singiel
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married/ divorced/ single
martial status
wdowa/okiennik
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widow/ windower
a woman/ a man whose husband/ wife has died
chciwy
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greedy
wanting more food, money, power than you need
He is greedy and always wants more money
pensja
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salary
is the fixed money you get from your job, usually every month
dochód
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income
is all the money you receive (salary, rent, investment)
podatek dochodowy
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income tax
is the tax you pay on your income
stereoptype
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stereoptype
a fixed and often unfair idea about a particular type of person or thing
The film is based on a common stereotype about teenagers
wykorzystać kogoś
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to exploit somebody
to take unfair advantage of someone
Some companies exploit their workers
zranić
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to injure
to hurt yourself or another person physically
He injured his leg while playing football.
bezwarunkowa miłość
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unconditional love
love given without expecting anything in return
Parents often give their children unconditional love
nieustępliwość
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relentlessness
the quality of continuing without stopping or becoming weaker
The relentlessness of the rain made the journey difficult.
bezwzględny
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relentless
continuing without stopping or becoming weaker
The team faced relentless pressure from their opponents.
kibic, widz
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spectator
a person who watches an activity, especially a sports event, without taking part
Thousands of spectators watched the football match
wspierać
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to support
to help someone or something succeed or deal with a problem
My friends always support me when I have a problem
zestresowany
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stressed
worried or nervous because of difficulties or pressure
She was stressed before the exam
stresująca
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stressful
causing worry or anxiety
Moving to a new city can be successful
wynik
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result
something that happens because of an action or situation
The result of the match was surprising
przedstawienie
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performance
the way in which someone does something, especially in a competition
His performance in the match was excellent
wymagający
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demanding
needing a lot of time, effort, or energy
Looking after young children can be very demanding.
wieczór panieński
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hen night
a party for a woman who is going to get married, usually with her female friends
They organised a hen night for Sarah before her wedding.
druhna
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bridesmaid
a woman or girl who helps the bride during a wedding ceremony
My sister was a bridesmaid at my wedding.
priorytet
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priority
something that is more important than other things
My family is my top priority
presja
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pressure
a difficult situation that makes you feel worried or stressed
Students often feel pressure before exam
monotonny/powtarzający się
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repetitive
involving the same actions or things again and again
This job is very repetitive.
wymagać/dotyczyć
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involve
lubiący współzawodnictwo
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competitive
wanting very much to win or be more successful than others
My brother is very competitive when we play games.
umiarkowanie konkurencyjny
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moderately competitive
fairly competitive, but not extremely competitive
The game is moderately competitive and still fun
inspirować się nawzajem
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to inspire each other
to encourage each other to have ideas or do something positive
Good friends inspire each other to achieve their goals.
ujawnić
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to reveal
to show or make something known
The investigation revealed the truth.
lekkomyślny
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reckless
doing dangerous things without worrying about the risk
Reckless driving can cause serious accidents.
drwić z kogoś
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to taunt sb
to deliberately annoy or upset someone by insulting or mocking them.
The other children taunted him at school.
zaimponować komuś
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to impress sb
to make someone admire or respect you
He tried to impress his friends with his new car.
rówieśnik
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peer
wyjść na randkę
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to go out on a date
to spend time with someone you are on a romantic date
We went out on a date to the cinema
zaprosić kogoś na randkę
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to ask somebody out
to invite someone to go on a romantic date
He asked her out after school.
opiekunka do dziecka
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babysitter
a person who looks after children while their parents are away
We hired a babysitter for Saturday evening.
opiekować się
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look after
a person who stays with someone who needs a help
She looks after our children.
teściowa
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mother in law
the mother of your husband or wife
My mother in law lives near us
priorytet
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priority
something that is more important than other things
My family is my top priority
monotonny
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monotonous
boring because it is always the same
Doing the same task every day can be monotonous.
mieć wiele wspólnego
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to have a lot in common
to share many similar interests, experiences, or opinions
We have a lot in common, so we became good friends.
gry planszowe
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board games
games played on a board, usually by two or more people
We often play board games at the weekend
umiarkowanie
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moderately
not too big, not too small
middle/ The exam was moderately difficult.
skala
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scale
a system used to measure or compare something
The game uses a scale from one to ten
nostalgiczny
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nostalgic
feeling happy and slightly sad when remembering the past
This song makes me feel nostalgic about my childhood
wygrać
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to win
to achieve victory in a competition or game
Our team won the match
przegrać
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to lose
We lost the game yesterday
to fail to win a competition or game
odpowiedni / odpowiednia
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appropriate
Is this film appropriate for children
suitable or acceptable for a particular situation
spontanicznie
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spontaneously
without planning or preparation
We decided spontaneously to go to the beach
pojazd
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vehicle
something used to transport people or things such as a car or bus
The police stopped the vehicle
kasować
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to delete
to remove something from a computer, phone, or online account
I deleted the message by mistake.
legalny
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legal
allowed by law
It is legal to drive a car when you have a licence.
nielegalny
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illegal
not allowed by law
It is illegal to drive with a licence.
idol
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idol
a person who is greatly admired or loved
The singer is a teenage idol.
wzór do naśladowania
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role model
a person whose behaviour or achievements others admire and try to copy
My teacher is an important role model for me
aby zaimponować swoim rówieśnikom
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to impress your peers
to make people of a similar age or social group admire you
Teenagers sometimes try to impress their peers.
być zszokowanym
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to be shocked
to feel very surprised and upset by something
I was shocked when I heard the news
zjawisko
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phenomenon
something that exists or happens, especially something interesting or unusual
A rainbow is a natural phenomenon
zjawisko naturalne
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natural phenomenon
something that exists in nature and is not made by people
Gravity is a natural phenomenon
spędzać czas w internecie
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to spend time on the internet
to use the internet for a period of time
Teenagers often spend a lot of time on the Internet
odróżnić coś od czegoś
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to tell the difference between sth and sth
to recognize how two things are different
I can't tell the difference between these two photos
się inspirować
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to be inspired by
to get an idea or motivation from someone or something
She was inspired by her favorite athlete.
śledzić
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to follow
to watch or keep up with someone or something, especially online
I follow several musicians on TikTok.
kopiować
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to copy
to do or make something in the same way as someone else
Children often copy their parents.
imitować
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to imitate
to copy someone's behaviour, voice or actions
The child likes to imitate his father
powtórzyć / powtarzać
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to repeat
to say or do something again
Could you repeat the question, please
sława
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fame
the state of being known by many people
Social media can bring people fame very quickly
popularność
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popularity
the state of being liked or admired by many people
The singer's popularity increased after the new song
siła przebicia, duże wpływy
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clout
influence or power, especially online or on social media
Some influencers have a lot of clout on social media
uzależniający
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addictive
difficult to stop doing or using because you enjoy it or feel you need it
Some social media apps can be addictive
mieć negatywny wpływ na kogoś lub coś
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to have a negative influence on someone or something
to affect someone or something in a harmful way
Too much screen time can have a negative influence on children
krótki czas koncentracji
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short attention span
the inability to concentrate on something for a long time
young children often have a short attention span
przeżywać kogoś
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to call someone names
to use offensive names when speaking to someone
The other children called him names at school
osobiste pytanie
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personal question
a question about someone's private life or personal information
That's a rather personal question.
Wolałbym nie odpowiadać na to
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I'd rather not answer that
a polite way of saying that you do not want to answer a question.
I'd rather not answer that, if you don't mind.

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