Emotions and Pragmatic

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Primary Emotions:
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-innate, biologically based, - arise from sensory experience, -same for all humans regardless of culture, and many animals as well, Sensory inputs go directly to the limbic areas
joy, sadness, fear, disgust, surprise, anger
Secondary Emotions:
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-Learned & social. Dependent on learning and social environment, sensory inputs must first go to the cortex (frontal lobe), and then to the limbic areas.
-Pride, shame, embarrassment, anxiety
Darwin
Primary Emotions:
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proposed that humans have developed a finite set of basic emotional states, common to all humans
Ekman and Friesen
Primary Emotions:
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) studied human culture around the world and found that facial responses to anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness and surprise are universal.
Damasio
Primary Emotions:
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suggested that Ekman’s universal emotions are innate and controlled by the amygdala and cingulate cortex.
Fear
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it is innate and easily conditioned to tones with electric shocks, loud noises, etc.
Lesion studies
Fear
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show decerebrate animals still show conditioned fear response, so the cortex cannot be entirely necessary.
decerebrate - odmóżdżenie
LeDoux
Fear
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showed the amygdala is crucial part of the fear circuit. The amygdala is also heavily involved in sex, anger and aggression. The hypothalamus is also implicated.
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