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question		réponse
Surgical procedure that severs fibers connecting the frontal lobes of the brain from the underlying thalamus commencer à apprendre		prefrontal lobotomy
Mental shortcut or rule of thumb that helps us to streamline our thinking and make sense of our world commencer à apprendre		heuristic
watching behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate the situation commencer à apprendre		naturalistic observation
extent to which we can generalize findings to real-world settings commencer à apprendre		external validity
extent to which we can draw case-and-effect inferences from a study commencer à apprendre		internal validity
research design that examines one person or a small number of people in depth, often over an extended time period commencer à apprendre		case study
demonstration that a given psychological phenomenon can occur commencer à apprendre		existence proof
procedure that ensures every person in a population has an equal chance of being chosen to participate commencer à apprendre		random selection
consistency of measurement commencer à apprendre		reliability
extent to which a measure assesses what it purports to measure commencer à apprendre		validity
tendency of research participants to distort their responses to questionnaire items commencer à apprendre		response set
research design that examines the extent to which two variables are associated commencer à apprendre		correlational design
grouping of points on a two-dimensional graph in which each dot represents a single person's data commencer à apprendre		scatterplot
perception of a statistical association between two variables where none exists commencer à apprendre		illusory correlation
research design characterized by random assignment of participant to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable commencer à apprendre		experiment
randomly sorting participants into two groups commencer à apprendre		random aassignment
group of participants that receives the manipulation commencer à apprendre		experimental group
the group of participants that doesn't receive the manipulation commencer à apprendre		control group
variable that an experimenter manipulates commencer à apprendre		independent variable
variable that an experimenter measures to see whether the manipulation has an effect commencer à apprendre		dependent variable
a working definition of what a researcher is measuring commencer à apprendre		operational definition
improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement commencer à apprendre		placebo effect
unaware of whether one is in the experimental or control group commencer à apprendre		blind (participant)
phenomenon in which researchers' hypotheses lead them to unintentionally bias the outcome of a study commencer à apprendre		experimenter expectancy effect
when neither the researchers nor participants are aware of who's in the experimental or control group commencer à apprendre		double-blind
harm resulting from the mere expectation of harm commencer à apprendre		nocebo effect
cues that participants pick up from a study that allows them to generate guesses regarding the researcher's hypotheses commencer à apprendre		demand characteristics
informing research participants of what is involved in a study before asking them to participate commencer à apprendre		informed consent
application of mathematics to describing and analyzing data commencer à apprendre		statistics
numerical characterizations that describe data commencer à apprendre		descriptive statistics
measure of the "central" scores in a data set, or where the group tends to cluster commencer à apprendre		central tendency
average; measure of central tendency commencer à apprendre		mean
middle score in a data set; a measure of central tendency commencer à apprendre		median
most frequent score in a data set; a measure of central tendency commencer à apprendre		mode
measure of how loosely or tightly bunched scores are commencer à apprendre		variability
difference between the highest and lowest scores; a measure of variability commencer à apprendre		range
measure of variability that takes into account how far each data point is from the mean commencer à apprendre		standard deviation
mathematical methods that allow us to determine whether we can generalize findings from our sample to the full population commencer à apprendre		inferential statistics

Ch. 2

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