Translation shifts (27 + 3/4 str)

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commencer à apprendre

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question		réponse
Translation shifts: level shifts commencer à apprendre		Departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to TL.
types of translation shifts 1. vocabulary shifts 2. grammar shifts commencer à apprendre		The SL item has a TL equivalent at a different level (forest, wood vs las, puszcza, bór) gram.eg. He did not see me. Nie widzial mnie Spytal gdzie bylam. He asked me where I had been.
Structure shifts commencer à apprendre		involve a grammatical change between the structure of the ST and TT
Class shifts commencer à apprendre		when a SL item is translated with a TL item, which belongs to a different grammatical class a verb may be translated with a noun, an adjective with a noun, Twoja twarz wydaje mi sie obca. Your face would seem a stranger’s face to me.
Unit shifts commencer à apprendre		Which involve changes in rank, involving eg. syntax one sentence in two sentences
Intra-system-shifts commencer à apprendre		translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system Nic ich nie bedzie cieszyc. Nothing will make them happy
shifts criticism commencer à apprendre		shifts concern all the factors (cultural situation and historical facts) not just linguistics as a only discipline
House, translation Quality Assessment 1997 - commencer à apprendre		Equivalence needed for the evaluation of translation.
functionalist approach commencer à apprendre		A translation model in which the languages of ST and TT are equivalent in function
Translation is only considered to be adequate in quality if commencer à apprendre		it matches the textual profile & and function of the ST

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