Terminologia Gramatyka Opisowa

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question English réponse English
accent
commencer à apprendre
aspects of pronunciation that identify where a speaker is from, in contrast to dialect
adjective
commencer à apprendre
one of the four lexical word classes in English, its most common use is modifying nouns: That' s great; a bad attitude, a word such as happy or strange used with a noun to provide more information
adverb
commencer à apprendre
a word such as slowly or really used with a verb or adjective to provide more information
adverbial particle
commencer à apprendre
a function word like on or up, that can be used as part of a phrasal and phrasal- prepositional verbs: turn on, put up with.
article
commencer à apprendre
a word such as a, an or the used with a noun, the function words that signal definite or indefinite meaning: the, a, an.
auxiliary verb
commencer à apprendre
a verb such as will used with another verb
bidialectal
commencer à apprendre
being capable of speaking two dialects
bilingual
commencer à apprendre
a term used to describe a native speaker of two languages or a country with two official languages, in contrast to monolingual
cardinal numeral
commencer à apprendre
a word that states how many: the ten books.
collective noun
commencer à apprendre
a noun that refers to a group: army, family, herd.
collocation
commencer à apprendre
a combination of lexical words which frequently co-occur in texts: little + baby, small + amount, make + (a) + mistake.
common noun
commencer à apprendre
a noun that refers to a class rather than a specific entity: girl, city, grief.
complex preposition
commencer à apprendre
a preposition consisting of two or more words: such as, in case of. c
conjunction
commencer à apprendre
a word such as and or because used to make connections between words, phrases and sentences
countable noun
commencer à apprendre
a noun that refers to entities that can be counted: a cow, two cows.
definite article
commencer à apprendre
the determiner the, which signals definite meaning.
demonstrative determiner
commencer à apprendre
this/these and that/those acting as determiners (these cars / those girls)
demonstrative pronoun
commencer à apprendre
a demonstrative form (this, that, these, those) functioning as a pronoun: You will need those.
dialect
commencer à apprendre
aspects of the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of a variety of a language, in contrast to accent
etymology
commencer à apprendre
the study of the origin and history of words
function words
commencer à apprendre
words that express grammatical relationships and classifications, such as determiners, conjunctions, and prepositions.
idiom
commencer à apprendre
a fixed expression with a meaning that cannot be determined from the individual parts: kick the bucket.
indefinite article
commencer à apprendre
the determiner a/an that signals indefinite meaning.
irregular plural
commencer à apprendre
the plural form of nouns that do not follow the regular rule of just adding -(e)s to form the plural: mouse - mice; child - children.
irregular verb
commencer à apprendre
a verb which does not use the regular –ed inflection for past tense and/or past participle: speak-spoke- spoken; send-sent-sent.
language acquisition
commencer à apprendre
the gradual development of ability in a first or second language by using it naturally in communicative situations
lexical verb
commencer à apprendre
one of the four lexical word classes in English; e.g. come, find, overcome, magnify. Lexical verbs act as main verbs in clauses. They cannot act as auxiliary verbs.
lexical word classes
commencer à apprendre
the open classes of words, used to convey content meaning: lexical verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs (compare with function words).
modal verb
commencer à apprendre
a type of auxiliary verb used to express logical or personal meanings: can, should, might.
monolingual
commencer à apprendre
having, or being able to use, only one language, in contrast to bilingual
neologism
commencer à apprendre
a new word
non-countable
commencer à apprendre
type of noun that is not used in English with a/an or the plural (e.g. *a furniture, *two furnitures)- [*means not correct], in contrast to countable
noun
commencer à apprendre
a word such as boy, bicycle or freedom used to describe a person, thing or idea,
numeral
commencer à apprendre
a word that either specifies how many (cardinal numeral) or the position in a series (ordinal numeral): the past three years, the third week.
open class
commencer à apprendre
a term describing lexical words (verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs), signifying that it is not possible to list all the members of the class and that new members are regularly added.
passive voice
commencer à apprendre
the form of the verb used to say what happens to the subject (e.g. The car was stolen) in contrast to active voice
personal pronoun
commencer à apprendre
the most common type of pronoun, which has different forms for first person (I, we), second person (you, yours) and third person (it, they).
possesive determiner`
commencer à apprendre
a determiner in a noun phrase that expresses possession: my car, your bike.
possesive pronoun
commencer à apprendre
a pronoun that expresses possession: It’s mine, That’s yours.
preposition
commencer à apprendre
a word that introduces a prepositional phrase: in the car, your recollection about these events.
primary auxiliary
commencer à apprendre
a primary verb (be, have, or do) when used as an auxiliary verb.
primary verb
commencer à apprendre
one of the verbs be, have, and do, which can function as either auxiliary verbs or main verbs.
proper noun
commencer à apprendre
a noun that names an individual, usually a specific person or place: Sue, Chicago.
reciprocal pronoun
commencer à apprendre
a type of pronoun that expresses a mutual relationship between two or more parties: each other, one another,
reflexive pronoun
commencer à apprendre
a type of pronoun that ends in –self and refers back to the subject of the clause: myself, herself, oneself.
semi-modal
commencer à apprendre
a multi-word verb that shares some of the grammatical and semantic properties of modal verbs: have to, be going to.
standard language
commencer à apprendre
the variety of a language treated as the official language and used in public broadcasting, publishing and education
syllable
commencer à apprendre
a unit of sound consisting of a vowel and optional consonants before or after the vowel
verb
commencer à apprendre
a word such as go, drown or know used to describe an action, event or state

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