Possessives, pronouns and quantifiers

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I booked a table here for my [...] wedding anniversary./moich rodziców
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I booked a table here for my [parents'] wedding anniversary.
We had a table right at [...]./z tyłu restauracji
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We had a table right at [the back of the restaurant].
My [...] cousin went to a friend's birthday party./żony
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My [wife's] cousin went to a friend's birthday party.
This is one of [...] most popular restaurants./londyńskich
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This is one of [London's] most popular restaurants.
Mark and Sarah's children are staying at their [...]/u dziadków (w mieszkaniu)
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Mark and Sarah's children are staying at their (grandparent's).
In the UK, you can usually buy women's perfumes at [...]./ w aptece (sklepie)
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In the UK, you can usually buy women's perfumes at [a chemist's].
Clearly, [...] is that all of the food contains garlic./ pomysł restauracji
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Clearly, [the idea of the restaurant] is that all of the food contains garlic.
[...] is amazing, but of course you have to be a garlic lover./ różnorodność jedzenia
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[The variety of the food] is amazing, but of course you have to be a garlic lover.
[...] wasn't bad for central London./ rozmiar, wysokość rachunku
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[The size of the bill] wasn't bad for central London.
Ubrania dziewczyny były bardzo brudne.
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The girl's clothes were very dirty.
We use 's with people, countries and animals and time: (not the cłothes ofthe girl)
Chcę wyjechać na tygodniowe wakacje.
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I want to go on a week's holiday.
We use s with people, countries and animals and time.
Jaka jest cena tych wakacji?
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What's the price of that holiday?
We usually use [of] instead of ['s] with things: not the holiday's price
przyjaciele mojego brata
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my brother's friends
The position of the apostrophe is important: my brother's friends (= one brother), my brothers' friends (= more than one brother)
przyjaciele moich braci
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my brothers' friends
The position of the apostrophe is important: my brother's friends (= one brother), my brothers' friends (= more than one brother)
Zostałem u Simonsów.
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I stayed at Simon's.
When we speak we often omit the second noun if we are referring to someone's home or business: I stayed at Simon's. (house is omitted)
Zatrzymałem się w kiosku.
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I stopped at the newsagent's.
When we speak we often omit the second noun if we are referring to someone's home or business: I stopped at the newsagent's. (shop is omitted)
There's a coat on the chair. Is it [...]/twój?
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There's a coat on the chair. Is it [yours]?
That's not your umbrella, it's [...]/moja
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That's not your umbrella, it's [mine].
My father broke [...]/ nogę
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My father broke [his leg].
We use a possessive adjective rather thar "the" with parts of the body and clothes.
She tore [...]/(jej) ulubione jeansy
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She tore [her favourite jeans].
We use a possessive adjective rather thar "the" with parts of the body and clothes.
I went with some friends [...]/moimi
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I went with some friends [of mine].
We sometimes use ("of" + possessive pronoun or possessive form of a noun) instead of a possessive adjective.
Amy blamed [...] for what had happened./siebie
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Amy blamed [herself] for what had happened.
We use a reflexive pronoun to make it clear that we are talking about the subject of the verb: Amy blamed her for what had happened. (= Amy blamed another person, not herself)
I went to this place [...] to see what it was really like./sam
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I went to this place [myself] to see what it was really like.
We use a reflexive pronoun for emphasis
baw się dobrze
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enjoy (your) self
We use a reflexive pronoun with a number of common expressions.
rozgość się
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make (your) self at home
We use a reflexive pronoun with a number of common expressions.
She [...] quickly./ubrała się
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She [dressed] quickly.
We only use a reflexive pronoun after wash, shave and dress for emphasis: She dressed quickly. but The little girl managed to dress herself (= it was difficult for her)
ld rather have [...] apartment./mój własny
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ld rather have [my own] apartment.
We use a possessive adjective + own to emphasise possession
I went diving [...]/sam
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I went diving [on my own].
On (your) own means 'alone' and can be used instead of by (your) self. l went diving [by myself].
Wszystkie hotele mają sypialnie.
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All hotels have bedrooms.
Things/people in general all+noun: All hotels have bedrooms. (= hotels throughout the world)
Większość hoteli zapewnia śniadanie.
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Most hotels provide breakfast.
Things/people in general- most/some + noun
Niektóre hotele mają prywatną plażę.
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Some hotels have a private beach.
Things/people in general- most/some + noun
Żadne hotele nie są idealne.
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No hotels are perfect.
Things/people in general- no+ noun
Żaden hotel nie jest doskonały.
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No hotel is perfect.
Things/people in general- no+ noun
Wszystkie (z) hoteli (na tej ulicy) mają restaurację.
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All (of) the hotels (in this street) have a restaurant.
Things/people in a particular group all (of) +the/my/this/those (etc.) + noun
Większość hoteli (w tym mieście) jest droga.
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Most of the hotels (in this town) are expensive.
Things/people in a particular group- most/some of + the/my/this/those (etc.) + noun
Niektóre hotele (na stronie internetowej) mają basen.
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Some of the hotels (on the website) have a pool.
Things/people in a particular group- most/some of + the/my/this/those (etc.) + noun
Żaden z pokoi (w tym hotelu) nie ma balkonu.
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None of the rooms (in this hotel) has/have a balcony.
Things/people in a particular group- none of+ the/my/this/those (etc.) + noun; When none of is followed by a plural noun, the verb can be singular or plural - both forms are correct.
Chcę tylko cichego miejsca.
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All I want is somewhere quiet.
(= the only thing)- "All" can sometimes stand alone
[Pokoje] są dobrze umeblowane, ale [niektóre] są raczej ciemne.
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[The rooms] are well furnished, but [some] are rather dark.
(= some of the rooms)- Most, some and none can also stand alone, but only if the noun they refer to has just been mentioned
Cała wycieczka była zepsuta przez pogodę.
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The whole trip was spoilt by the weather.
[Whole] is used instead of [all] before a singular noun./ (not all-the-trip)
Każde dziecko narysowało obrazek swoich rodziców.
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Each child drew a picture of her own parents.
Each is used for individual things or people in a group
Wszystkie wakacje, o którym wspomniałaś są rodzaju wakacjami ja bym nienawidził.
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Every holiday you've mentioned is the kind of holiday l'd hate.
Every holiday you've mentioned is the kind of holiday l'd hate.
Każdy z apartamentów / Każdy z nich / posiada balkon.
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Each of the apartments/ Each of them/ has a balcony.
Each (but not every) can be followed by of + a plural noun or pronoun- (not Every-of the apartments / Every of them)
Codziennie rano siedział nad rzeką.
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He sat by the river every morning.
(= regularly)
Cały ranek siedział nad rzeką.
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He sat by the river all morning.
(= one complete morning)
Oba miejsca są zbyt głośne.
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Both places are too noisy.
We use a plural verb after both. We use [both], neither and either when we refer to two items.
Obydwa/Żadne miejsce mi nie odpowiada.
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Either/Neither place suits me.
We use a singular verb after either and neither.
Be [...] and do as mother says./dobrze zachowujący się, grzeczny
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Be [well-behaved] and do as mother says.
Mówię sobie, że to dobry pomysł.
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I tell myself it's a good idea.
Sam siebie rozśmieszył.
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He made himself laugh.
Krzesto samo się pomalowato.
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The chair painted itself.
Przeceniliśmy się.
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We overestimated ourselves.
Patrzą na siebie. (np. w lustrze)
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They are looking at themselves.
Patrzą na siebie. (jedno na drugie)
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They are looking at each other.
Moi rodzice znają się od 1970 roku.
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My parents have known each other since 1970.
Wyrazenia each other użyjemy zwykle, gdy mowa o dwóch osobach. Znaczy ono siebie nawzajem
Wszyscy gracze szanują się nawzajem.
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All the players respect one another.
Gdy w grę wchodzi więcej osób, raczej uzyjemy wyrazenia one another.
Od lat zapraszamy sie nawzajem na urodziny.
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We've been inviting one another for birthdays for years.
Gdy w grę wchodzi więcej osób, raczej uzyjemy wyrazenia one another.
I recently met two people called Honey Moon and Holly Buşh! [...] appeared to mind having an unusual name./żaden z nich
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I recently met two people called Honey Moon and Holly Buşh! [Neither of them] appeared to mind having an unusual name.
Neither of - 2 osoby; none of- grupa wyboru
Naprawdę dobrze się bawiliśmy na weselu. Było doskonałe jedzenie, świetna muzyka i dużo alkoholu. Mój rodzaj imprezy!
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We really enjoyed ourselves at the wedding. There was excellent food, great music and lots of alcohol. My kind of party!
W dzisiejszych czasach ludzie w autobusie nie patrzą na siebie, patrzą na swoje telefony.
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Nowadays people on the bus don't look at each other, they look at their phones.
Everyone, please help [...] to the donuts and the chocolates. Everything here is free of charge./się
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Everyone, please help [yourselves] to the donuts and the chocolates. Everything here is free of charge.
Jak ludzie mogą walczyć w wojnach i zabijać się nawzajem? Nigdy tego nie zrozumiem.
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How can people fight in wars and kill each other? I will never understand that.

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