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question		réponse
1. Operations commencer à apprendre		The activities involved in the production and delivery of goods or services using resources like labor, materials, and machinery.
2. Quality commencer à apprendre		The degree to which a product or service meets certain standards or satisfies customer expectations.
3. Cost commencer à apprendre		The total expenditure required to produce a product, including materials, labor, and overhead.
4. Dependability commencer à apprendre		The ability to deliver products or services reliably and consistently on time.
5. Flexibility commencer à apprendre		The ability to adapt to changes in volume, product variety, or delivery requirements.
6. Speed (Throughput) commencer à apprendre		The rate at which products are produced and delivered to customers.
7. Lead-time commencer à apprendre		The time between placing an order and receiving the product.
8. Time-to-market commencer à apprendre		The time taken to develop a product from concept to launch.
9. Procurement commencer à apprendre		The process of sourcing and purchasing goods and services from suppliers.
10. Supply chain commencer à apprendre		A network of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors involved in producing and delivering a product.
11. Logistics commencer à apprendre		The organization and implementation of transporting goods from one place to another.
12. Inventory commencer à apprendre		The raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods a company holds for future use or sale.
13. Feasibility commencer à apprendre		An assessment of how practical or achievable a project or plan is.
14. Vulnerability commencer à apprendre		The degree of risk or potential problems in a process or plan.
15. Standardization commencer à apprendre		Limiting variety by making uniform products or processes.
16. Commonality commencer à apprendre		The use of shared components or parts across different products.
17. Modularization commencer à apprendre		Designing products using separate interchangeable components.
18. Concept brief commencer à apprendre		A short document outlining the goals, features, and purpose of a new product idea.
19. Roll-out commencer à apprendre		The gradual introduction of a new product to the market.
20. First-tier supplier commencer à apprendre		A company that directly supplies products to the manufacturer.
21. Second-tier supplier commencer à apprendre		A company that supplies materials to the first-tier supplier.
22. Throughput commencer à apprendre		The amount of work or production completed in a given time.
23. Virtual operation commencer à apprendre		A business model where temporary teams or suppliers are used for a specific project.
24. Bill of materials commencer à apprendre		A list of raw materials, components, and instructions needed to manufacture a product.
25. E-procurement commencer à apprendre		Purchasing goods and services using digital platforms or the internet.
26. JIT (Just-in-time) commencer à apprendre		A production method that reduces inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed.
27. Lean operations commencer à apprendre		A management approach focused on reducing waste and improving efficiency.
28. Kaizen commencer à apprendre		A Japanese term meaning continuous improvement in all aspects of a business.
29. TQM (Total Quality Management) commencer à apprendre		A comprehensive approach where all employees work toward improving quality.
30. Six Sigma commencer à apprendre		A data-driven method for eliminating defects and improving quality, aiming for fewer than 3.4 defects per million items.
31. Capacity commencer à apprendre		The maximum output that a company can produce under normal conditions.
32. Control of inventory commencer à apprendre		Managing stock levels to ensure materials are available without overstocking.
33. Perpetual inventory system commencer à apprendre		A system that automatically tracks inventory in real-time.
34. Batch production commencer à apprendre		A production method where products are made in groups or batches.
35. Mass production commencer à apprendre		The large-scale manufacturing of standardized products.
36. Job production commencer à apprendre		A production method where a single product is made at a time, often customized.
37. Project production commencer à apprendre		A method used for complex, one-off products like construction or shipbuilding.
38. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) commencer à apprendre		A computerized system used in retail to process sales and update inventory.
39. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) commencer à apprendre		A technology used to identify and track items using radio waves.
40. Industrial robots commencer à apprendre		Automated machines used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks like welding, assembling, or painting.
41. RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) commencer à apprendre		Tags used to track items through radio signals, improving inventory control and traceability.
42. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) commencer à apprendre		Systems used in retail that record sales and update stock levels in real-time.
43. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) commencer à apprendre		A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
44. Outsourcing commencer à apprendre		Hiring an external company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally done in-house.
45. Grants and subsidies commencer à apprendre		Financial aid provided by the government to support businesses.
46. Infrastructure commencer à apprendre		Basic physical systems like roads, railways, and utilities needed for business operations.
47. Proximity to suppliers/customers commencer à apprendre		The physical closeness to suppliers or customers, affecting logistics efficiency and service speed.
48. Environmental considerations commencer à apprendre		Concerns about how business activities affect the natural environment.
49. Screening commencer à apprendre		The process of evaluating if a product idea is good and fits company goals.
50. Preliminary design commencer à apprendre		Early version of a product design used for concept development.
51. Evaluation and improvement commencer à apprendre		Assessing and refining product ideas and processes.
52. Prototyping commencer à apprendre		Creating a sample version of a product to test its design and functionality.
53. Factory layout commencer à apprendre		The physical arrangement of machinery, equipment, and workers in a production facility.
54. Packaging issues commencer à apprendre		Considerations about how products are packed, including protection, cost, and branding.
55. Changeover time commencer à apprendre		The time required to switch from producing one product to another in manufacturing.
56. Set-up time commencer à apprendre		Time taken to prepare machines or equipment before production can begin.
57. Downtime commencer à apprendre		Periods when production is halted, often due to equipment failure or changeovers.
58. Work-in-progress (WIP) commencer à apprendre		Items that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished.
59. Job/batch/continuous/mass production commencer à apprendre		Different types of manufacturing processes depending on scale and customization.
60. Kanban commencer à apprendre		A lean method that uses visual signals (like cards or software) to control production and inventory.
61. Forecasting commencer à apprendre		Predicting future customer demand to plan production and inventory.
62. Capacity utilization commencer à apprendre		The percentage of a factory’s total potential output that is actually being used.
63. Overtime commencer à apprendre		Time worked beyond the regular working hours, often paid at a higher rate.
64. Subcontracting commencer à apprendre		Hiring another company to carry out part of the production process.
65. Inventory system commencer à apprendre		Methods and software used to monitor stock levels and reorder materials automatically.
66. Benchmarking commencer à apprendre		Comparing one’s business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies.

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