ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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question English réponse English
damages
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Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
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To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
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An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
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Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
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Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
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A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
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A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
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A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
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A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
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An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
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To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
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Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
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A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
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An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
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To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
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A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
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To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
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Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
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To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
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To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
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To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
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Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
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An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
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The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
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A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
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An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
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A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
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A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
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To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
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A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
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responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
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not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
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financial (pieniężny)
valid
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being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
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not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
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not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
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referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
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where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
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able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
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very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
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serious (rażący)
deductible
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able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
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not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
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acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
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referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
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not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
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in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
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with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
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possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
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no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
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having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
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a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
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referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
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with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
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very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
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a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
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a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
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someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
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somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
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the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
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somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
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a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
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an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
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a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
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the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
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a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
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the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
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to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
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to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
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to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
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to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
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to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
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to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
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to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
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to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
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to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
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to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
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to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
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to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
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to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
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to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
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to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
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to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
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to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
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to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
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to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
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to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
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to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
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to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
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to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
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to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
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to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
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to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
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to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
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to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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