Grammar

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question English réponse English
"Would you like me to help you?"
reported speech (offers)
7
commencer à apprendre
He offered to help me.
+to infinitive
agree, claim*, demand*, offer, promise*, refuse, threaten*
"Can you hold this to me, please?"
reported speech (ask)
11
commencer à apprendre
She asked me to hold it.
+sb+to infinitive
advise, allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, forbid, invite, order, remind*, warn*
"Why don't we check with Joel?"
reported speech (suggest)
8
commencer à apprendre
She suggested checking with Joel.
+ing
accuse sb of, admit (to)*, apologise for, boast of/about*, complain (to sb) of/about*, deny*, insist on*, suggest*
"Your courses begin in two weeks."
reported speech (inform sb)
2
commencer à apprendre
He informed me that my courses began in two weeks
+that clause
explain, inform sb
Kiedy pada śnieg, jest zimno na dworze.
general truth or scientific fact
Conditional 0
commencer à apprendre
If/When it snows, it is cold outside.
present simple
if/when+present simple
Jeśli się pospieszę, to będę tam na czas.
real present/future
Conditional 1
commencer à apprendre
If I hurry, I will get there on the time.
future/imperative, can/may/could/might/should+bare infinitive
if+present simple/continuous, present perfect/continuous
Gdybyśmy mieli większy dom, mielibyśmy pokój gościnny.
unreal present/advice(if I were you)
Conditional 2
commencer à apprendre
If we had a bigger house, we would have a guest room.
would/could/might+bare infinitive
If+ past Simple or past continuous
Gdybym wiedział o imprezie, przyszedłbym.
unreal past
Conditional 3
commencer à apprendre
If I had known about the party l, I would have come.
would/could/might+have+past participle
if+past Perfect or past Perfect continuous
Gdybyś mówił dwoma językami dostałbyś (tamtą) pracę.
Mixed Conditionals (2,3)
commencer à apprendre
If you spoke two foreign languages, you would have got the job.
would/could/might+have+past participle
if+past Simple or past continuous
Gdybyś nie skłamał dla naszego nauczyciela, nie bylibyśmy teraz w tarapatach.
Mixed Conditionals (3,2)
commencer à apprendre
If you hadn't lied to our teacher, we wouldn't be in trouble now.
would/could/might+bare infinitive
if+past Perfect or past Perfect continuous
Chciałbym być na wakacjach.
wishes
commencer à apprendre
I wish I was on holiday.
to say that we would like sth to be different in the PRESENT
I wish/if only+past Simple/past continuous
Chciałbym, żeby nie skłamała o wyniku jej testu.
wishes
commencer à apprendre
If only she hadn't lied about her test result.
to express regret about something which happened in the PAST
I wish/if only+past Perfect
Chciałbym, aby James przestał gadać w klasie.
wishes
commencer à apprendre
If only James would stop talking in class
a polite imperative/a desire for a situation or person's behaviour to change
I wish/if only+subject+would+bare infinitive
Załóżmy, że twój nauczyciel poprosił, abyś mówił przed całą klasą, co byś zrobił?
suppose/supposing unreal past (about present)
commencer à apprendre
Suppose your teacher asked you to speak in front of the class, what would you do?
past Simple
Załóżmy, że złapała Cię policja, co byś zrobił?
suppose/supposing unreal past (about past)
commencer à apprendre
Suppose the police had caught you, what would you have done?
past Perfect
Ona mówi tak, jakby była szefem.
as if/as though unreal past (about present)
commencer à apprendre
She speaks as if she were the boss.
past Simple
To wygląda, jak gdyby nie miał dobrze przespanych nocy od wielu dni.
as if/as though unreal past (about past)
commencer à apprendre
It looked as if he hadn't had a good night's sleep for days.
past Perfect
Najwyższy czas, abyś wyłączył swój komputer.
it's (about/high) time... unreal past (about present)
commencer à apprendre
It's time you turned off your computer.
past Simple
Why don't you invite him to dinner?
suppose jako sugestia
commencer à apprendre
Suppose you invite him to dinner?
Powinieneś zrecyklingować ten kawałek papieru.
had better=should (about present/future)
commencer à apprendre
You'd better recycle that scrap paper.
Sb+had better+present bare infinitive
Byłoby lepiej, gdybyś zapytał o profesjonalną poradę.
had better=should (about past)
commencer à apprendre
It would have been better if you had asked for professional advice.
It would have been better if+past Perfect
=You should have asked for a professional advice.
Wolałbym mieć teraz przerwę
(about present/future; about me)
I would rather=I would prefer
commencer à apprendre
I would rather have a break now.
I would rather+present bare infinitive
Wolałbym zostać w domu poprzedniej nocy.
(about past; about me)
I would rather=I would prefer
commencer à apprendre
I'd rather have stayed at home last night.
I would rather+perfect bare infinitive
Wolałbym, żebyś nie jadł słodyczy cały czas.
(about present/future; about sb)
I would rather=I would prefer
commencer à apprendre
I'd rather you didn't eat sweets all the time.
I'd rather sb+past Simple
Wolałem, abyś zakupił czarną parę jeansów.
(about past; about sb)
I would rather=I would prefer
commencer à apprendre
I'd rather you had bought the black pair of jeans.
I'd rather sb+past Perfect
Wolę (jeść) jabłka niż grejpfrut.
general preference
commencer à apprendre
I prefer (eating) apples to (eating) grapefruit.
prefer+gerund/noun+to+gerund/noun
Wolę śpiewać niż tańczyć.
general preference
commencer à apprendre
I prefer to sing rather than dance.
prefer+full infinitive+rather than+bare infinitive
Wolałbym mieć imprezę w domu niż iść do klubu.
specific preference
commencer à apprendre
I'd prefer to have a party at home rather than go to a club.
would prefer+full infinitive+rather than+bare infinitive
Wolałbym obejrzeć DVD niż iść do kina.
commencer à apprendre
I'd rather watch a DVD than go to the cinema.
would rather+bare infinitive+than+bare infinitive

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