Banking

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money in coins and banknotes
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cash
the dollar, the euro and the yen are called
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currencies
money placed in banks and other savings institutions constitutes
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deposits
money available in the banking system for individuals and businesses to borrow is
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credit
money borrowed from a bank is a
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loan
money borrowed from a bank to buy property or real estate is a
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mortgage
borrowed money that has to be paid back constitutes a
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debt
all the money a person receives is known as
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income
a fixed amount of money earned for a week's manual work is called
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wages
money received for working extra hours is called
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overtime
a fixed annual amount of money paid to an employee in monthly instalments is a
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salary
extra money paid to employees for good financial results is a
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bonus
money paid to salespeople and agents depending on the amount of goods sold is
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commission
money paid to lawyers, architects, auditors etc for professional services is called
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fees
money paid by the goverment to unemployed and sick people is called
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social security, welfare
money paid by the government or a former employer to a retired person is a
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pension
the money that will eventually be used to pay pensions is kept in a
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fund
the money needed to start a company
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capital
estimated expenditure and income is often written down in a
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budget
money paid for the use of a house or flat is
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rent
aktywa i pasywa
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assets and liabilities
podejście
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approach
wymagać
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to demand
świadomy
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conscious
receive and hold customers' deposits in current and savings accounts, pay money according to customers' instructions, lend money to individuals and small businesses
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commercial banks
give financial advice to large companies, raise capital for them by issuing stocks or shares and bonds, organize mergers and takeovers
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investment banks
receive customers’ deposits and lend mortgages to buy homes (houses and flats)
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building societies
supervise the banking system, hold part of commercial banks’ reserves, manage a country's gold and foreigh currency reserves, implement monetary policy, fix the minimum interest rate, issue coins and banknotes, control the money supply etc
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central banks
manage the assets of rich people (or high net worth individuals).
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private banks
pass cheques and other payments (credit card payments, direct debits, etc.) through the banking system
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clearing banks
do not pay the interest to depositors or charge interest to borrowers, for religious reasons, but invest in companies and share the companies' profits or losses with the bank's depositors
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islamic banks
provide financial services and make very small loans (microcredits) to poor people in developing countries, to help them set up in business
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microfinance banks
provide financial protextion against loss, offer life insurance
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insurance companies
investment companies that pool money from many investors and invest it in stocks, bonds and other securities
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mutual funds or investment funds
private investment funds for wealthy investors that use high-risk, speculative strategies that are not used by ordinary mutual funds, in order to achieve higher returns
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hedge funds
take more risk than ordinary mutual funds
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hedge funds
implement monetary policy and try to control the money supply
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central banks
help companies raise capital by issuing stocks and bonds
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investment banks
make very small loans in developing countries
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microfinance banks
manage the assets of wealthy people
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private banks
lend money to ppl to buy houses and apartments
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building societies
pay interest to depositors, but current accounts sometimes do not
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savings accounts
when two or more companies join together
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merger
when one company acquires or buys another one
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takeover
the total amount of money in circulation in an economy.
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money supply
the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders.
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interest
the money invested in a business
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capital
funds which banks have to hold to allow depositors to withdraw money.
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reserves
decisions concerning the money supply, exchange rates, and the level of interest
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monetary policy
an interest-paying debt certificate issued by the government or companies to raise money
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bond
a certificate representing one unit of ownership of a company.
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stock certificate
a bank that will lend money to financial institutions in difficulty if no other bank will
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a lender or last resort LoR
oddziały banku
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bank branches
przelew bankowy
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bank transfer
pays little or no interest
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current or checking account
pay interest, but advance notice is often required to withdraw money
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deposit and savings accounts
bankomat
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cash dispenser, cash maschine, ATM
a fixed sum of money, lent for a fixed period, on which the borrower pays interest
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loan
an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more than is in the account
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overdraft
fraudulent attempts to acquire intormation like usernames, logins, passwords and credit card details, by sending emails pretending to be from a bank or an online retailer
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phishing
involves redirecting internet users to a fraudulent server
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pharming
złośliwe oprogramowanie
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malware

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