Teorie lingwistyczne 3

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question English réponse English
minimal pair
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2 identical words with one contrast in phoneme occuring in the same position eg pat and bat
minimal set
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different words, because of change in one phoneme feat and fit
assimilation
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phonological proces changing feature values of segments to make them more similiar to their naighbours kfiatek
dissimilation
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phonological rulechanging the feature values of segments to make them less similiar siksth to sikst
aspiration
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one aspirated consonant is accompanied by a brief h sound pit to phit
epenthesis
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insertion of one or more phones in a word children and childeren
Elision
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we delate phonemic segments in certain contexts eg did you see him last night
metathesis
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reorders of segments ask to aks
phonology
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study of sound systems of all languages
phoneme
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phonological segement, meaning-distinguishing sound
David Jones
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author of term phoneme
phone
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phonetic realization of a phoneme eg ph
allophone
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a predictible phonetic realisation of phoneme
pictograms
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direct image of object it represents
ideograms
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more abstract forms of more symbolic meaninf
logograms
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symbols represents words in given language(first word-writing)
cuneiform
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clay tablets containing business documents, epic, prayers, poems et. Legacy left by Summerians
Phoenicians
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first consonants alphabet was developed by
Greek
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first regular alphabet was developed by
Katakana
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syllabary used for loan words and special effects
Hiragana
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syllabary used for native words
Kanji
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hiragana character occuring as ideographic characters
Pinyin
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a spelling system using the Roman alphabet eg in street signs
petroglyphs
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pictogram or logogram image createdby removing part of rock surface by incizing, picking or carving
clay tokens
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early attempt at book keeping

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