TedTalk Bill Doyle

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question English réponse English
a type of treatment for a disease or medical condition/metoda terapeutyczna
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modality
Tumor Treating Fields is the fourth modality for treating cancer apart from traditional methods like surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.
The passage of electricity through a wire/prąd elektryczny
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electric current
Electric fields are not an electric current that is coursing through the tissue. They are not ionizing radiation, like x-rays or proton beams, that bombard tissue to disrupt DNA.
the part of a cell that controls its growth/jądro komórkowe
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a nucleus
In that space station we have the genetic material, the chromosomes, within a nucleus.
the substance inside a cell that surrounds the cell's nucleus
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cytoplasm
Out in the cytoplasmic soup we have special proteins that are required for cell division that float freely in this soup in three dimensions.
to be destroyed by breaking into small pieces/rozpadać się
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to disintegrate
As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
any of the structures shaped like rods that are found in living cells and contain the genes (chemical patterns) which control what an animal and plant is like
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chromosome
As cell division begins the nucleus disintegrates, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
by which way or method/w wyniku czego
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whereby / by which
Those special proteins undergo a three-dimensional sequence whereby they attach and they literally click into place end-on-end to form chains.
any electronic device that changes one form of energy into another, such as a microphone, which changes sound waves into electric signals/przetwornik
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a transducer
relating to the act or process of mitosis (a type of cell division)
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mitotic
TTF prevents these protein cells from forming those chains, those mitotic spindles, that are necessary to pull the genetic material into the daughter cells.
relating to the cervix (the narrow, lower part of the uterus - szyjka macicy) / ... cancer
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cervical
This is identical cultures of cervical cancer cells.
a typical characteristic or feature of a person or thing
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hallmark
The cell up there can't divide at all and this bubbling is the hallmark of apostosis in this cell.
a condition in which there is difficulty in emptying the bowels, usually associated with hardened feces
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constipation
They had no nausea, diarrhea, constipation, fatique that would be expected.
if sth is ... it is happening now/ w toku
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underway
There's research underway now at Harvard Medical School to pick the optimum pairs to maximize that benefit (chemo+ttf)
an important positive development, step
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stride
I'm also very hopeful that in the next decades, we will make big strides on reducing that death rate that has been so challenging in this disease.

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