Słowa na G-4

goodbye /ˌɡʊdˈbaɪ; US / interj. said when sb goes or you go Goodbye! See you tomorrow! We said goodbye (pożegnaliśmy się) to Steven at the airport. ▶ do widzenia Bye, cheers i cheerio mają identyczne znaczenie.

ˌGood ˈFriday noun [countable] the Friday before Easter when Christians remember the death of Christ ▶ Wielki Piątek

ˌgood-ˈhearted adj. kind; willing to help other people To be fair, she was a good-hearted woman who tried to do her best. ▶ (osoba) dobry serdeczny

ˌgood ˈhumour (US ˌgood ˈhumor) noun [uncountable, sing.] a cheerful mood Everyone admired her patience and unfailing good humour. He was in a good humour this morning. ▶ dobry nastrój pogoda ducha

ˌgood-ˈlooking adj. (usually used about a person) attractive ▶ przystojny

ˌgood-ˈnatured adj. friendly or kind ▶ dobroduszny łagodnego usposobienia dobrego usposobienia

Goodness używa się w kilku zwrotach zamiast słowa Bóg. Goodness (me)! wyraża zdziwienie. Thank goodness! wyraża zadowolenie i ulgę: Thank goodness it’s stopped raining!

goodness /ˈɡʊdnəs; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the quality of being good ▶ dobroć dobre serce  SYNONYM  virtue

goodnight /ˌɡʊdˈnaɪt; US / interj. said late in the evening, before you go home or before you go to sleep ▶ dobranoc

goods /ɡʊdz; US / noun [pl.] 1 things that are for sale a wide range of consumer goods electrical goods stolen goods ▶ towary (na sprzedaż)

ˌgood ˈsense noun [uncountable] good judgement or intelligence He had the good sense to refuse the offer. ▶ zdrowy rozsądek

ˈfreight train (Brit. also ˈgoods train) noun [countable] a train that carries only goods ▶ pociąg towarowy

ˌgood-ˈtempered adj. not easily made angry ▶ opanowany łagodny

goodwill /ˌɡʊdˈwɪl; US / noun [uncountable] friendly, helpful feelings towards other people The visit was designed to promote friendship and goodwill. There is a new atmosphere of goodwill in international politics. ▶ dobra wola życzliwość

google /ˈɡu:ɡl; US / verb [i, t] to type words into a search engine on the Internet, especially the Google™search engine, in order to find information about sb/sth

goose /ɡu: s; US / noun [countable] (pl. geese /ɡi: s; US /) a large bird with a long neck that lives on or near water. Geese are kept on farms for their meat and eggs. ▶ gęś A male goose is called a gander and a young goose is a gosling.

gooseberry /ˈɡʊzbəri; US ˈɡu: sberi / noun [countable] (pl. gooseberries) a small green fruit that is covered in small hairs and has a sour taste ▶ agrest

ˈgoose pimples (also goosebumps /ˈɡu: sbʌmps; US /) noun [pl.] small points or lumps which appear on your skin because you are cold or frightened ▶ gęsia skórka

gore1 /ɡɔ:(r); US / noun [uncountable] thick blood that comes from a wound His new film is full of gore. His new film is full of gore. W jego nowym filmie jest pełno krwi. ▶ posoka rozlana/zakrzepła krew

gorge1 /ɡɔ: dʒ; US / noun [countable] a narrow valley with steep sides and a river running through it ▶ przełom (rzeki)

gorgeous /ˈɡɔ: dʒəs; US / adj. (informal) extremely pleasant or attractive What gorgeous weather! You look gorgeous in that dress. ▶ wspaniały przepiękny pyszny cudowny □ gorgeously /; US / adv. ▶ wspaniale przepięknie cudownie

gorilla /ɡəˈrɪlə; US / noun [countable] a large black African ape ▶ goryl

gosling /ˈɡɒzlɪŋ; US / noun [countable] a young goose ▶ gąsiątko

gospel /ˈɡɒspl; US / noun 1 (Gospel) [sing.] one of the four books in the Bible that describe the life of Jesus Christ and the ideas which he taught St Matthew’s/Mark’s/Luke’s/John’s Gospel ▶ Ewangelia

gossip /ˈɡɒsɪp; US / noun 1 [uncountable] informal talk about other people and their private lives, that is often unkind or not true Matt phoned me up to tell me the latest gossip. He loves to spread gossip about his neighbours. ▶ plotka

□ gossip verb [intransitive] I can’t stand here gossiping all day. ▶ plotkować

ˈgossip column noun [countable] a part of a newspaper or magazine where you can read about the private lives of famous people ▶ kronika towarzyska ⇨ note at newspaper

Gothic /ˈɡɒɵɪk/ adj. (used about architecture) connected with a style that was common in Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries. Typical features of Gothic architecture are pointed arches, tall thin pillars, elaborate decoration, etc. ▶ gotycki

gouge /ɡaʊdʒ; US / verb [transitive] to make a hole in a surface using a sharp object in a rough way We gouged a deep scratch (zarysowaliśmy) in the wooden floor when we moved the table. ▶ za/drapać zrobić rysę

gourd /ɡʊəd ɡɔ: d; US; / noun [countable] a type of large fruit, not normally eaten, with hard skin. Gourds are often dried and used as containers. ▶ tykwa

gourmet /ˈɡʊəmeɪ; US / noun [countable] a person who enjoys food and wine and knows a lot about it a gourmet restaurant restauracja dla smakoszy ▶ smakosz/ka

govern /ˈɡʌvn; US -vərn / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to rule or control the public affairs of a country, city, etc. Britain is governed by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. ▶ rządzić kierować zarządzać

governess /ˈɡʌvənəs; US / noun [countable] (especially in the past) a woman employed to teach the children of a rich family in their home and to live with them ▶ guwernantka

Po słowie government w lp może następować czasownik w lp/lm. lp używa się mówiąc o rządzie jako całości: The Government welcomes the proposal. lm używa się, mówiąc o rządzie jako grupie poszczególnych osób:

government /ˈɡʌvənmənt; US / noun 1(often the Government) [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] the group of people who rule or control a country He has resigned from the Government. The foreign governments involved are meeting in Geneva.

2 [uncountable] the activity or method of controlling a country, city, etc. weak/strong/corrupt government communist/democratic/totalitarian government central/federal government Which party is in government (u władzy)? ▶ rządy

governor /ˈɡʌvənə(r); US / noun [countable] 1 a person who rules or controls a region or state (especially in the US) the Governor of New York State ▶ gubernator wojewoda

ˌGovernor ˈGeneral noun [countable] (pl. Governors General or Governor Generals)

gown /ɡaʊn; US / noun [countable] 1 a woman’s long formal dress for a special occasion a ball gown suknia balowa ▶ suknia 2 a long loose piece of clothing that is worn by judges, doctors performing operations, etc. ▶ toga fartuch

GP /ˌdʒi: ˈpi:; US / abbr. general practitioner; a doctor who treats all types of illnesses and works in a practice in a town or village, not in a hospital ▶ lekarz pierwszego kontaktu

grab /ɡræb/ (grabbing; grabbed) 1[i, t] grab sth (from sb) to take sth with a sudden movement Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother. Grab hold of his arm in case he tries to run! Someone had arrived before us and grabbed all the seats.

2[intransitive] grab at/for sth to try to get or catch sb/sth Jonathan grabbed at the ball but missed. I grabbed for the knife but he was too quick. ▶ rzucać się na kogoś/coś

grace /ɡreɪs/ noun [u] 1 the ability to move in a smooth and controlled way He jumps with the grace of a dancer. ▶ wdzięk gracja 4(His/Her/Your Grace) (used when speaking about, or to, a duke, duchess or archbishop) ▶ Wasza Wysokość Ekselencjo

graceful /ˈɡreɪsfl; US / adj. having a smooth, attractive movement or form a graceful dancer graceful curves ▶ pełen wdzięku/gracji zgrabny

graceless /ˈɡreɪsləs; US / adj. 1 not knowing how to be polite to people ▶ szorstki 2 (used about a movement or a shape) ugly and not elegant ▶ bez wdzięku/gracji □ gracelessly /; US / adv. ▶ bez wdzięku/gracji niezgrabnie

gracious /ˈɡreɪʃəs/ adj. 1 (used about a person or their behaviour) kind, polite and generous a gracious smile You have to learn to be gracious in defeat. ▶ łaskawy

3[only before a noun] (formal) (used when speaking about royal people) by gracious permission of Her Majesty ▶ łaskawy □ graciously /; US / adv. ▶ łaskawie —graciousness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ łaskawość

gradation /ɡrəˈdeɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable, uncountable] (formal) any of the small changes or levels which sth is divided into; the process or result of sth changing gradually gradations of colour gradation in size ▶ stopniowanie

grade1 /ɡreɪd; US / noun [countable] 1 the quality or the level of ability, importance, etc. that sb/sth has Which grade of petrol do you need? We need to use high-grade materials for this job. ▶ stopień jakość

3 (US) a class or classes in a school in which all the children are the same age My daughter is in the third grade. ▶ klasa szkolna

grade /ɡreɪd/ [t, often passive] to put things or people into groups according to their quality, ability etc I’ve graded their work from 1 to 10. Students with 90% correct are graded A. Eggs are graded by size. ▶ klasyfikować segregować sortować

gradient /ˈɡreɪdiənt; US / noun [countable] the degree at which a road, etc. goes up or down The hill has a gradient of 1 in 4. a steep gradient ▶ stopień nachylenia

gradual /ˈɡrædʒuəl; US / adj. happening slowly or over a long period of time; not sudden There has been a gradual increase in the number of people without jobs. ▶ stopniowy  OPPOSITE  sudden

graduate1 /ˈɡrædʒuət; US / noun [countable] 1 a graduate (in sth) a person who has a first degree from a university, etc. a law graduate/a graduate in law a graduate of London University/a London University graduate

graduate2 /ˈɡrædʒueɪt; US / verb [intransitive] 1 graduate (in sth) (from sth) to get a (first) degree from a university, etc. She graduated in History from Cambridge University. ▶ kończyć studia wyższe (licencjackie)

3graduate (from sth) to sth to change (from sth) to sth more difficult, important, expensive, etc. She’s graduated from being a classroom assistant to teaching. ▶ przechodzić na wyższy poziom

graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn; US / noun 1 [uncountable] the act of successfully completing a university degree or (in the US) studies at a high school ▶ ukończenie studiów wyższych

graffiti /ɡrəˈfi: ti; US / noun [uncountable, pl.] pictures or writing on a wall, etc. in a public place The wall was covered with graffiti. ▶ graffiti

graft /ɡrɑ: ft noun [c] 1 a piece of a living plant that is fixed onto another plant so that it will grow ▶ szczep 2 a piece of living skin, bone, etc. that is fixed onto a damaged part of a body in an operation a skin graft ▶ przeszczep

grain /ɡreɪn; US / noun ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[uncountable, countable] the seeds of food plants such as rice, etc. The US is a major producer of grain. grain exports a few grains of rice ▶ zboże produkty zbożowe ziarno

grainy /ˈɡreɪni; US / adj. 1 (especially used about photographs) not having completely clear images because they look as if they are made of a lot of small dots and marks The film is shot in grainy black and white. ▶ ziarnisty

gram (also gramme) /ɡræm; US / noun [countable] (abbr. g, gm) a measure of weight. There are 1 000 grams in a kilogram. ▶ gram

grammar /ˈɡræmə(r); US / noun 1 [uncountable] the rules of a language, for example for forming words or joining words together in sentences Polish grammar can be difficult for foreign learners. ▶ gramatyka zasady gramatyki

ˈgrammar school noun [countable] (in Britain, especially in the past) a type of secondary school for children from 11-18 who are good at academic subjects ▶ szkoła średnia ogólnokształcąca

grammatical /ɡrəˈmætɪkl; US / adj. 1 connected with grammar the grammatical rules for forming plurals ▶ gramatyczny 2 following the rules of a language The sentence is not grammatical. ▶ gramatyczny

granary /ˈɡrænəri; US / noun [countable] (pl. granaries) a building where grain is stored ▶ spichlerz

grand1 /ɡrænd/ adj. 1 impressive and large or important (also used in names) Our house isn’t very grand, but it has a big garden. She thinks she’s very grand because she drives a Porsche. the Grand Canyon ▶ wielki okazały imponujący ważny

grandchild /ˈɡræntʃaɪld; US / noun [countable] the daughter or son of your child ▶ wnuk wnuczka

grandfather /ˈɡrænfɑ:ðə(r); US / noun [countable] the father of your father or mother ▶ dziadek

ˈgrandfather clock noun [countable] a clock that stands on the floor in a tall wooden case ▶ zegar stojący

grandmother /ˈɡrænmʌðə(r); US / noun [countable] the mother of your father or mother ▶ babka babcia babunia

grandparent /ˈɡrænpeərənt; US / noun [countable] the mother or father of one of your parents This is a picture of two of my grandparents. ▶ dziadek babka

ˌgrand piˈano noun [countable] a large flat piano (with horizontal strings) ▶ fortepian

ˌgrand ˈslam noun [countable] winning all the important matches or competitions in a particular sport, for example tennis or rugby ▶ wielki szlem

grandstand /ˈɡrænstænd; US / noun [countable] rows of seats, usually covered by a roof, from which you get a good view of a sports competition, etc. ▶ kryte trybuny

ˌgrand ˈtotal noun [countable] the amount that you get when you add several totals together ▶ suma ogólna

granite /ˈɡrænɪt; US / noun [uncountable] a hard grey rock ▶ granit

grant1 /ɡrɑ: nt/ verb [t] 1(formal) to (officially) give sb what they have asked for A visa has been granted to one of our journalists. He was granted permission to leave early. Zezwolono mu na wcześniejsze wyjście. ▶ przyznawać zezwalać udzielać

grant2 /ɡrɑ: nt; US ɡrænt / noun [countable] money that is given by the government, etc. for a particular purpose a student grant to apply for/be awarded a grant ▶ do/finansowanie stypendium subwencja

granulated sugar /ˌɡrænjuleɪtɪd ˈʃʊɡə(r); US / noun [uncountable] white sugar in the form of small grains ▶ cukier kryształ

granule /ˈɡrænju: l; US / noun [countable] a small hard piece of sth instant coffee granules ▶ granulka ziarenko

grape /ɡreɪp; US / noun [countable] a small soft green or purple fruit that grows in bunches on a vine and that is used for making wine a bunch of grapes kiść winogron ▶ winogrono

grapefruit /ˈɡreɪpfru: t; US / noun [countable] (pl. grapefruit or grapefruits) a large round yellow fruit with a thick skin and a sour taste ▶ grejpfrut

the grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn; US / noun [sing.] the way that news is passed from one person to another I heard on/through the grapevine that you’re moving. ▶ poczta pantoflowa

graph /ɡræf ɡrɑ: f; US / noun [countable] a diagram in which a line or a curve shows the relationship between two quantities, measurements, etc. a graph showing/to show the number of cars sold each month ▶ wykres diagram

graphic /ˈɡræfɪk; US / adj. 1 [only before a noun] connected with drawings, diagrams, etc. a graphic artist graphic design grafika ▶ graficzny

graphical /ˈɡræfɪkl; US / adj. 1 [only before a noun] connected with art or computergraphics The system uses an impressive graphical interface. ▶ graficzny 2 in the form of a diagram orgraph a graphical presentation of results ▶ graficzny

graphics /ˈɡræfɪks; US / noun [pl.] the production of drawings, diagrams, etc. computer graphics ▶ grafika

graphite /ˈɡræfaɪt; US / noun [uncountable] a soft black mineral that is used in pencils ▶ grafit

ˈgraph paper noun [uncountable] paper with small squares of equal size printed on it, used for drawing graphs and other diagrams ▶ papier milimetrowy

grapple /ˈɡræpl/ verb [intransitive] grapple (with sb) to get hold of sb and fight with or try to control them She grappled with the thief, but he got away. We have been grappling with this problem all day. ▶ siłować się mocować się borykać się

grasp1 /ɡrɑ: sp; US ɡræ- / verb [transitive] 1 to take hold of sb/sth suddenly and firmly Lisa grasped the child firmly by the hand before crossing the road. • (figurative) to grasp an opportunity/a chance ▶ chwytać mocno trzymać

ɡrɑ: sp noun [sing., u] 1 a firm hold of sb/sth Get a good grasp on the rope before pulling yourself up. I grabbed the boy, but he slipped from my grasp. Some politicians seem to have very little grasp on reality. ▶ uchwyt trzymanie w ręce

grasping /ˈɡrɑ: spɪŋ; US ˈɡræs- / adj. wanting very much to have a lot more money, power, etc. ▶ chciwy zachłanny

grass /ɡrɑ: s; US ɡræs / noun 1[u]. Cows, sheep, horses, etc. eat grass She lay on the grass and listened to the birds singing. Don’t walk on the grass. I must cut the grass at the weekend. a blade (źdźbło) of grass ▶ trawa

grasshopper /ˈɡrɑ: shɒpə(r); US ˈɡræ- / noun [countable] an insect that lives in long grass or trees and that can jump high in the air. Grasshoppers make loud noises. ▶ konik polny pasikonik

grate1 /ɡreɪt; US / noun [countable] the metal frame that holds the wood, coal, etc. in a fireplace ▶ ruszt palenisko

grate2 /ɡreɪt; US / verb 1 [transitive] to rub food into small pieces using a grater grated cheese/carrot Grate the cheese and sprinkle it over the top of the dish. ▶ trzeć ścierać

/ˈɡreɪtfl / adj. grateful (to sb) (for sth); grateful (that…) We are very grateful to you for all the help you have given us. He was very grateful that you did as he asked. I should be very grateful if you could send me a copy of your brochure.

grater /ˈɡreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a kitchen tool that is used for cutting food (for example cheese) into small pieces by rubbing it across its rough surface ▶ tarka

/ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/ verb [t] (gratifying; gratifies; past tense, past participle gratified ) [usually passive] (formal) to give sb pleasure and satisfaction I was gratified to hear that you enjoyed my book. ▶ zadowalać sprawiać przyjemność

grating /ˈɡreɪtɪŋ; US / noun [countable] a frame made of metal bars that is fixed over a hole in the road, a window, etc. ▶ krata (metalowa) okratowanie