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classified /ˈklæsɪfaɪd; US / adj. officially secret classified information ▶ tajny zastrzeżony

ˌclassified adˈvertisement (Brit., informal ˌclassified ˈad; ˈsmall ad) noun [countable, usually pl.] a small advertisement that you put in a newspaper if you want to buy or sell sth, employ sb, find a flat, etc. ▶ ogłoszenie drobne

(classifying; classifies; past tense, past participle classified) classify sb/sth (as sth) to put sb/sth into a group with other people or things of a similar type The books in a library are usually classified according to subject.

classmate /ˈklɑ: smeɪt; US ˈklæs- / noun [countable] a person who is in the same class as you at school or college ▶ kolega koleżanka (z klasy/grupy)

classroom /ˈklɑ: sru: m; -rʊm; US ˈklæs- / noun [countable] a room in a school, college, etc. where lessons are taught ▶ klasa sala szkolna

clatter /ˈklætə(r); US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to make or cause sth hard to make a series of short loud repeated sounds The horses clattered down the street. ▶ stukotać pobrzękiwać łoskotać

clause /klɔ: z; US / noun [countable] 1 a group of words that includes a subject and a verb. A clause is usually only part of a sentence The sentence ‘ After we had finished eating, we watched a film.’ contains two clauses. ▶ zdanie

claustrophobia /ˌklɔ: strəˈfəʊbiə; US / noun [uncountable] fear of being in a small space with walls on all sides ▶ klaustrofobia

claustrophobic /ˌklɔ: strəˈfəʊbɪk; US / adj. 1 extremely afraid of small spaces with walls on all sides Hilary always feels claustrophobic in lifts. ▶ cierpiący na klaustrofobię

collarbone /ˈkɒləbəʊn; US / (also formal clavicle /ˈklævɪkl; US /) noun [countable] one of the two bones that connect your chest bones to your shoulder ▶ obojczyk

claw1 /klɔ:; US / noun [countable] 1 one of the long curved nails on the end of an animal’s or a bird’s foot Cats have sharp claws. ▶ pazur szpon

claw2 /klɔ:; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] claw (at) sb/sth to scratch or tear sb/sth with claws or with your nails The cat was clawing at the furniture. His hands clawed the air. ▶ drapać (pazurami)

clay /kleɪ; US / noun [uncountable] heavy earth that is soft and sticky when it is wet and becomes hard when it is baked or dried The students were modelling heads out of clay. clay pots ▶ glina

1 not dirty The whole house was beautifully clean. Are your hands clean? I think I’ll change into some clean clothes. Cats are very clean animals. ▶ czysty  OPPOSITE  dirty ⇨ noun cleanliness

a clean sweep a complete victory in a sports competition, election, etc. that you get by winning all the different parts of it The Russians made a clean sweep of all the gymnastics events. ▶ całkowita wygrana

go clean out of your mind to be completely forgotten I tried to think of his name but it went clean out of my mind. ▶ wypadać komuś z głowy

Clean jest słowem ogólnym i oznacza wszelkie usuwanie brudu. Wash oznacza czyszczenie za pomocą wody i mydła. Wipe oznacza czyszczenie powierzchni przez pocieranie jej wilgotną szmatką; z kolei dust to czyszczenie przez pocieranie powierzchni suchą szmatk

to make sth free from dust or dirt by washing or rubbing it to clean the windows Don’t forget to clean your teeth! Linda comes in to clean (sprzątać) after office hours. ▶ czyścić myć

to clean the inside of sth I’m going to clean out all the cupboards next week. ▶ wyczyścić (wnętrze czegoś)

1 to remove all the dirt from a place that is particularly dirty I’m going to clean up the kitchen before Mum and Dad get back. ▶ (po)sprzątać (coś)

cleaner /ˈkli: nə(r); US / noun 1 [countable] a person whose job is to clean the rooms and furniture inside a house or other building an office cleaner ▶ sprzątacz/ka

ˌdry-ˈcleaner’s (also cleaner’s) noun [countable] the shop where you take your clothes to be cleaned ▶ pralnia chemiczna

cleanliness /ˈklenlinəs; US / noun [uncountable] being clean or keeping things clean High standards of cleanliness are important in a hotel kitchen. ▶ czystość

cleanse /klenz; US / verb [transitive] to clean your skin or a wound To remove make-up properly, use a good cleansing cream ▶ oczyszczać ⇨ look at ethnic cleansing

ˌclean-ˈshaven adj. (used about men) having recently shaved ▶ gładko ogolony

make yourself clear; make sth clear to speak so that there can be no doubt about what you mean ‘ I do not want you to go to that concert,’ said my mother. ‘ Do I make myself clear?’ He made it quite clear that he was not happy with the decision.

clear1 /klɪə(r); US / adj. 1clear (to sb) easy to understand; without doubt There are clear advantages to the second plan. It was clear to me that he was not telling the truth. She gave me clear directions on how to get there.

clear (about/on sth) (used about a person) sure or definite; without any doubts or confusion I’m not quite clear about the arrangements for tomorrow. ▶ pewny ⇨ verb clarify

5 free from marks a clear sky bezchmurne niebo a clear skin gładka cera ▶ bez skazy 6clear (of sth) free from things that are blocking the way The police say that most roads are now clear of snow (odśnieżona). ▶ wolny (od czegoś)

1 in a way that is easy to see or hear We can hear the telephone loud and clear from here. ▶ wyraźnie 2clear (of sth) away from sth; not touching sth Stand clear of the doors. Proszę odsunąć się od drzwi. ▶ z dala

keep/stay/steer clear (of sb/sth) to avoid sb/sth because they or it may cause problems It’s best to keep clear of the town centre during the rush hour.

1[transitive] to remove sth that is not wanted or needed to clear the roads of snow/to clear snow from the roads odśnieżać drogi It’s your turn to clear the table. ▶ usuwać uprzątać

[intransitive] (used about the sky, the weather or water) to become free of clouds, rain, or mud After a cloudy start, the weather will clear during the afternoon. ▶ przecierać się rozjaśniać się

5[transitive] to give official permission for a plane, ship, etc. to enter or leave a place At last the plane was cleared for take-off. ▶ przepuszczać zezwalać

7[intransitive] (used about a cheque) to go through the system that moves money from one account to another The cheque will take three days to clear. ▶ (czek) być zrealizowanym rozliczać

clear the air to improve a difficult or tense situation by talking honestly about worries, doubts, etc. I’m sure if you discuss your feelings with her it will help to clear the air between you. ▶ oczyścić atmosferę

clear your throat to cough slightly in order to make it easier to speak He cleared his throat and then began his speech. ▶ odchrząkiwać

clear sth out to tidy sth and throw away things that you do not want I really must clear out the kitchen cupboards. ▶ wysprzątać coś

clear up (used about the weather or an illness) to get better We can go out for a walk if it clears up later on. The doctor told him to stay at home until his cold cleared up. ▶ przecierać się rozjaśniać się (choroba) przechodzić

Make sure you clear up properly before you leave. ▶ (po)sprzątać (coś) clear sth up to find the solution to a problem, cause of confusion, etc. There’s been a slight misunderstanding but we’ve cleared it up now. ▶ rozwiązywać/wyjaśniać (coś)

clearance /ˈklɪərəns; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the removing of sth that is old or not wanted slum clearance The shop is having a clearance sale (wyprzedaż). ▶ usunięcie oczyszczenie

official permission for sb/sth to do sth She was given clearance to work at the nuclear research establishment. ▶ zezwolenie

ˌclear-ˈcut definite and easy to see or understand It was a clear-cut case of police corruption. ▶ oczywisty

ˌclear-ˈheaded adj. able to think clearly, especially if there is a problem ▶ rozważny roztropny

clearing /ˈklɪərɪŋ; US / noun [countable] a small area without trees in the middle of a wood or forest ▶ polana ⇨ look at glade

clearly /ˈklɪəli; US / adv. 1 in a way that is easy to see or hear It was so foggy that we couldn’t see the road clearly. ▶ wyraźnie

ˌclear-ˈsighted adj. able to understand situations well and to see what might happen in the future ▶ trzeźwo/jasno myślący

cleavage /ˈkli: vɪdʒ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] the space between a woman’s breasts ▶ miejsce między piersiami kobiety dekolt

cleaver /ˈkli: və(r); US / noun [countable] a heavy knife with a broad blade, used for cutting large pieces of meat ▶ tasak kuchenny topór rzeźniczy

clemency /ˈklemənsi; US / noun [uncountable] (formal) kindness shown to sb when they are being punished; willingness not to punish sb so severely a plea for clemency prośba o łagodniejszy wymiar kary ▶ prawo łaski łaska

clementine /ˈklemənti: n; US / noun [countable] a type of small orange ▶ klementynka

clench /klentʃ; US / verb [transitive] to close or hold tightly He clenched his teeth in pain. She clenched her fists and looked as if she was going to hit him. ▶ zaciskać

clergy /ˈklɜ: dʒi; US / noun [pl.] the people who perform religious ceremonies in the Christian church a member of the clergy ▶ duchowieństwo kler

clerical /ˈklerɪkl; US / adj. 1 connected with the work of a clerk in an office clerical work ▶ biurowy urzędniczy 2 connected with the clergy ▶ duchowny klerykalny

clerk /klɑ: k; US klɜ: k / noun [countable] 1 a person whose job is to do written work or look after records or accounts in an office, bank, court of law, etc. an office clerk ▶ urzędni-k/czka

1 able to learn, understand or do sth quickly and easily; intelligent a clever student How clever of you to mend my watch! Naprawiłeś mój zegarek? Jaki ty jesteś zdolny! She’s so clever with her hands (ma tak zręczne ręce) utalentowany

a phrase or idea that has been used so many times that it no longer has any real meaning or interest the usual cliché of the middle-aged businessman leaving his wife for a twenty-year-old girl ▶ komunał utarty zwrot wytarty frazes banał

click2 /klɪk; US / noun [countable] 1 a short sharp sound I heard the click of a key in the lock. the click of a switch ▶ trzask pstryk 2 the act of pressing the button on a computer mouse ▶ klik

clickable /ˈklɪkəbl; US / adj. if text or an image isclickable, you can click on it with the mouse in order to make sth happen ▶ (komput.) na który można kliknąć, aby uruchomić jakąś funkcję

noun [countable] 1 a person who receives a service from a professional person, for example a lawyer to act on behalf of a client ▶ klient/ka 2 one of a number of computers that is connected to a server ▶ komputer przyłączony do serwera

clientele /ˌkli:ənˈtel; US ˌklaɪ- / noun [uncountable] all the customers, guests or clients who regularly go to a particular shop, hotel, organization, etc. ▶ klientela

cliff /klɪf; US / noun [countable] a high, very steep area of rock, especially one next to the sea the white cliffs of Dover ▶ klif ściana skalna urwisko