sem_2_listening_vocab

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Użyteczność, narzędzie
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An utility / A useful tool
A service or tool that provides practical benefits or usefulness.
W dużej mierze dzięki
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Thanks largely to... / Mainly due to...
Acknowledging a significant factor or cause that has contributed to a particular outcome.
Nieobciążony problemami
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Unencumbered by problems
Free from obstacles
Not burdened or hindered by difficulties or issues.
Niezależny przewodniczący
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an independent chair (chairman)
Non-affiliated chairperson
A chairperson of a board or committee who is not associated with any particular group or interest.
wzmocnić
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to reinforce
To strengthen
To make something stronger or more effective.
Oczywista oczywistość, sprawa oczywista, =rutyna
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A matter of course = a routine (to happen as a matter of course); obvious
Common practice
Something that happens as part of a regular or expected process.
Fundusz hedgingowy, zabezpieczający
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a hedge fund / Investment fund
A pooled investment fund that uses various strategies to generate returns for its investors.
Pociągnąć kogoś do odpowiedzialności
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to hold someone to account (responsible) / to call someone an answer
Słabsze wyniki, osiągać gorsze wyniki
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to Underperform
Podnosić pensje
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to push up (to raise) salaries
Dobrze/źle sobie radzić
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to fare well/badly (to do)
To perform well / poorly
Refers to how someone is doing or performing in a particular situation.
Średni staż pracy od X lat
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A median tenure of X years
(A Average length of service for X years)
The middle value of the years employees have worked for their current employer, arranged in ascending order.
namaścić
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to anoint / To consecrate- to make sb king or queen, to make sb holy
To consecrate
The act of applying oil or other substances to someone’s head or body as a religious or symbolic ritual.
Żenująca wpadka, porażka
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An embarrassing flop / A humiliating failure
(blunder, a failure)
A situation or event that is both unsuccessful and causes embarrassment or shame.
Sfałszować coś
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to falsify sth / To alter or manipulate
To change or modify something, often with the intention of deceiving or misrepresenting.
kwalifikacje akademickie
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Academic credentials
Educational qualifications
Refers to degrees, diplomas, certificates, or other educational achievements that demonstrate a person’s qualifications.
W obliczu śmierci, w ekstremalnych warunach
W skrajnych okolicznościach
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in extremis
In extreme circumstances
In a critical or desperate situation.
W górnym kwartylu = w górnych 25%
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In the top quartile of = in the top 25%
Among the highest 25%
Refers to being in the upper 25% of a group or category.
potężne siły zakłócające, destrukcyjne
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powerful disruptive forces
Significant agents of change
Influential factors or elements that significantly alter existing conditions or systems.
wyschnąć, wyczerpać się
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To run dry / To be depleted
To be depleted
To exhaust or use up completely.
Pula wewnętrznych kandydatów
rurociąg/potok
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Pipeline of internal candidates
Internal talent pool
A pool of potential candidates within an organization who may be considered for promotions or other roles.
W ostateczności, koniec końców
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In the last resort / As a final option
As a last option
Referring to a final or desperate course of action when all else has failed.
Urzędujący, sprawujący
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An incumbent / Officeholder
A person currently holding a particular office or position.
Zwolnić kogoś, wyrzucać z pracy
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To boot sb out = to sack sb / To dismiss
To terminate someone’s employment or position.
Spółka giełdowa, akcyjna
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A public company / Publicly traded company
A business entity whose shares are publicly traded on a stock exchange.
Dziedziczenie; następstwo prawne
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Succession / Sequence
The act or process of following in order or sequence.
zawieszenie broni
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cease-fire / truce
A temporary pause in fighting, typically one during which peace talks take place; a truce.
mundury wojskowe
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military fatigues (uniforms) / army uniform
The uniform worn by military personnel when performing menial or non-combat tasks.
osiągnąć punkt wrzenia (o napięciu między dwoma krajami)
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to reach a boiling point (about tension between two countries)
to come to a head
When a situation or conflict reaches its highest point of tension or intensity.
frekwencja w wyborach
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turnout at the elections / voter participation
The number or percentage of eligible voters who participate in an election.
kluczowy
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pivotal / crucial
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
kluczowa kwestia
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a pivotal issue
kluczowe wybory
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pivotal elections
zakaz startu w wyborach
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be barred from running in elections
be disqualified from electoral candidacy
To be legally prevented from standing as a candidate in an election.
nękać cały kraj
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to scourge across the country / to ravage across the country
to ravage across the country
To cause great suffering or devastation across a large area.
wegetacja
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vegetation
In a more general sense, vegetating can refer to living a monotonous life, devoid of mental or social activity
tlić się
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to smolder / smoulder / to burn slowly
To burn slowly with smoke but without flames.
pozostać czujnym
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to stay (remain) vigilant / to remain alert
To continue to keep careful watch for possible danger or difficulties.
zakłócać komuś sen
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to disturb sb's slumber / to interrupt sb’s sleep
To cause someone’s sleep to be interrupted or disturbed.
intruz
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a trespasser / intruder
A person entering someone else’s land or property without permission.
wtargnąć na czyjąś ziemię
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to trespass sb's land / intrude on sb’s land
A person entering someone else’s land or property without permission.
zawierać
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to contain / to restrain
To keep something harmful under control or within limits
powstrzymywać się
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to contain oneself / to control oneself
to keep one’s emotions in check.
ustawodawstwo
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legislation / law
Laws, considered collectively, that are enacted by a governing body.
spółka-matka
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a parent company / a holding company
A company that owns enough voting stock in another firm to control management and operations.
zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa narodowego
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a national security threat / a risk to national security
A person or situation that poses a potential danger to the safety and well-being of a nation.
pierwsza poprawka
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First Amendment / correction
The first amendment to the US Constitution, protecting freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly.
po drugiej stronie
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on the other side = on the other hand / alternatively
Referring to a position or viewpoint that is different from one’s current perspective.
zaprzeczyć (odrzucić) roszczenie
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to deny a claim / to reject a claim
To state that a claim or assertion is not true.
zrzuty pomocy humanitarnej
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airdrops of humanitarian aid / air delivery of humanitarian aid
The delivery of emergency supplies or aid to an area via dropping it from an aircraft.
największa gospodarka
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the biggest (largest) economy
The economy of a country or region that has the largest gross domestic product.
kłusownik
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a poacher / an illegal hunter
A person who hunts game or fish illegally.
polować na zwierzęta
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to hunt for animals / to pursue animals
The activity of pursuing and killing wild animals for food or sport.
sanktuarium
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a sanctuary / refuge
A place of safety or protection.
zostać zbombardowanym
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to be dive bombed / attacked from above
To be aggressively targeted or attacked, often unexpectedly.
cenne rogi
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precious horns / valuable antlers
Refers to the antlers of certain animals, which are highly valued.
nieskuteczny, niewydajny
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ineffective, inefficient
Not producing the desired results or lacking effectiveness.
wtrącanie się w coś
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interfering into sth / meddling in something
Involving oneself in a situation or matter where one’s involvement is not welcome or necessary.
być zbyt blisko prywatnych informacji
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be too close to private information
zablokować ustawę
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to kill the legislation / defeat a bill
To prevent a proposed law (bill) from being passed or approved.
być zasypywanym telefonami
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to be getting flooded with phone calls / inundated with calls
post
Ramadan jest miesiącem postu
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fasting / abstaining from food
Ramadan is a month of fasting
Voluntarily refraining from eating for a specific period, often for religious or health reasons.
niedożywienie
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malnutrition / undernourishment
A condition resulting from an inadequate or unbalanced diet, leading to health problems.
odwodnienie
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dehydration / lack of hydration
A state where the body lacks sufficient water, leading to health issues.
głód w Strefie Gazy
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famine in the Gaza Strip / food crisis in Gaza
A severe shortage of food in the Gaza Strip region, often resulting in hunger and suffering.
zerwać więzi z kimś/czymś
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to cut (break) ties with someone/something / sever connections
To deliberately end relationships or associations with someone or something.
pobrać coś z App Store
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to download sth from the App Store / install from app stores
To obtain and install an application (app) from online app stores.
uraza
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resentment / bitterness
A feeling of anger or displeasure due to perceived unfair treatment or wrongs.
odpłata
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retribution / retaliation
Punishment or revenge for a perceived wrongdoing or harm.
oddać głos
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to cast a ballot / vote
To participate in an election by marking a ballot to choose a candidate or express an opinion.
poddać coś próbie
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to put something to the test / test something
To assess or evaluate something by subjecting it to trials or experiments.
zdrowie demokracji
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the health of democracy / democratic well-being
The overall state and functioning of democratic institutions and processes.
prawie gwarantowane / niemal pewne
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all but guaranteed / nearly certain
Expressing a high degree of certainty or an extraordinary magnitude.
na skalę rzadko spotykaną
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on a scale rarely seen / on an uncommon scale
dezinformacja
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disinformation, misinformation / false information
Deliberately misleading or false information spread to deceive or manipulate.
wzmacniać
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to amplify / enhance
To increase the intensity, effect, or impact of something.
Głębokie fałszerstwo generowane przez sztuczną inteligencję
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AI-generated deep fake / Synthetic media
Falsified content created using artificial intelligence, often convincingly mimicking real people or events.
(co nadchodzi) w dół linii
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(what's coming) down the line / Future developments
Refers to upcoming events, trends, or changes that will occur in the future.
wiarygodne (źródło) informacji
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trustworthy (source of) information / reliable inf
Information from a credible and dependable source that can be trusted for accuracy and authenticity.
przejrzystość
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transparency, clarity, Openness
The quality of being clear, honest, and easily understood. It implies openness in processes, decisions, and communication.
dostarczanie informacji
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providence of information / Origin of information
The source or origin of information, often used to verify its authenticity or reliability.
zwodniczy
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deceptive, mindfucking / Misleading
Intentionally causing someone to believe something false or misleading.
przyznać, że
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to concede that / Acknowledge
To admit or recognize a fact, even if it contradicts one’s previous position or beliefs.
predyspozycje
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aptitude, predispositions / Skill
Natural ability or talent for a specific task or field.
uczestnik testu
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a test taker / a Examination participant
Someone who participates in an exam or test.
amerykański język migowy
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The American sign language / ASL
A visual language used by the Deaf community in the United States for communication.
różnorodność opcji
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a variety of options / Diverse choices
Multiple alternatives or selections available for a particular purpose.
przekomarzanie się
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badinage / Banter
Light-hearted and playful conversation or teasing.
Przepisy dotyczące równych płac
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Equal-pay laws / pay equity legislation
Laws aimed at ensuring equal pay for equal work, regardless of gender or other factors.
zdobyć dyplom (stopień naukowy) z ekonomii
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to earn a degree in economics / To obtain a degree in economics
Completing the necessary coursework and requirements to receive a degree in the field of economics.
Przystąpienie do egzaminu zawodowego
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to take a professional exam / To sit for a professional exam
Participating in an examination to demonstrate knowledge and competence in a specific profession or field.
Elastyczny harmonogram pracy
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A flexible work schedule / A customizable work timetable
A work arrangement that allows employees to adjust their working hours or days to accommodate personal needs.
Opiekunka do dziecka
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A childmilder, Babysitter
Zarabiać ułamek czyjejś pensji
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to earn a fraction of sb's salary / Receive a portion of someone's earnings
kara za macierzyństwo
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motherhood penalty / Maternal pay gap
Oznaka zaangażowania
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A sign of commitment / An indication of dedication
Potencjał przywódczy
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Leadership potential / Capacity for leadership
Mediana wynagrodzenia
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The median wage / The middle value of wages doubled
Refers to the middle wage value multiplied by two.
Dwukrotność
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Twofold, double
Przewyższać kogoś liczebnie
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To outnumber sb / To surpass in number
podwładny
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an underling / A subordinate
A person who is lower in rank or position within an organization or hierarchy.
dozorca
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A caretaker, doorman
Przeciągać - opóźniać, zatrzymywać, zatrzymywać postęp
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To stall - to delay, to stop, to stop progress
rosyjska służba wywiadowcza
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Russian intelligence / Russian spy agencies
wyrafinowanie
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Sophistication / Elegance
wykorzystywanie informacji
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exploitation of information / information abuse
przekazać komuś
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To hand over to sb / To transfer to someone
The highest-ranking officer in a company or organization
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CEO - Chief Executive Officer / Top executive
nacisk na innowacje
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Innovation effort / Research and development investment
okres życia produktu
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The lifetime of a product / product lifespan
ilość pieniędzy
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The amount of money / Total monetary value
To nie może tak trwać! Tak nie może być
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It can't go on! / Unsustainable
sądząc po
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Judging by / Based on
ostrzeżenia dotyczące zysku
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Profit warnings / Earnings alerts
ostatnie
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Recent / Recent past
Przyznać
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to admit / To acknowledge
To confess or recognize a fact, truth, or mistake.
flagowe marki
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Leading brands / Prominent companies
Well-established and widely recognized companies with a strong market presence.
wykańczać konkurencje
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to squeeze / To exert pressure
sprzedawca detaliczny
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A retailer / Retail store
A business that sells goods directly to consumers through physical or online stores.
Marka własna
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An own-label brand / Private label brand
A brand owned and sold exclusively by a retailer, often with the retailer’s name on the product.
Miejsce na półkach
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Space on shelves / shelf space / Retail display area
The physical area available on store shelves for displaying products.
gwarantować coś
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To guarantee sth // To assure
To provide a promise or assurance that something will happen or be delivered.
pod względem
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In terms of / Regarding
In terms of pay, this job is rewarding
zbyt długo
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Far too long / Excessively lengthy
Significantly longer than necessary or reasonable.
wyższe dochody
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Increased revenue / Higher income
A rise in the total income or sales generated by a business or organization.
rotacja zapasów/produktów
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Stock turnover / Inventory turnover (rotation)
The rate at which a company sells and replaces its inventory within a specific period.
zapewnić
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To ensure / To guarantee
To make certain or secure that something will happen or be done.
sprostać, zaspokoić potrzebę
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To meet a need / To fulfill a requirement
To satisfy a necessity or address a specific demand or problem.
lider na rynku
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A market leader / Industry frontrunner
A company or product that holds a dominant position in a particular market or industry.
skupić się na czymś
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To focus sth / To concentrate on sth
To direct attention, effort, or resources toward a specific goal or area.
zakończyć się
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To come to an end / To conclude
To reach the final stage or conclusion of a process or event.
ulepszenie produktu
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A product improvement / Enhanced product
A modification or enhancement made to an existing product to enhance its features or performance.
wprowadzić produkt na rynek
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To launch a product / To introduce a product
To release a new product into the market for the first time.
promować produkt
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To market a product / To promote a product
To create awareness, generate interest, and encourage sales of a product through advertising and other strategies.
skracać coś
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To get shorter / To decrease in height
The process of becoming less tall or having a reduced height.
wzrastać
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To get higher / To increase in height
The process of becoming taller or having an increased height.
Ta chwila już nadeszła
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The time is upon us. / The moment has arrived.
Indicates that a significant event or situation is imminent or happening now.
kwartał
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A quarter / One-fourth
A fraction representing 25% of a whole or a specific period of time (e.g., three months).
spodziewane dochody, zyski
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Expected earnings / Anticipated profits
The projected or forecasted financial gains a company or individual is likely to achieve.
zwalać winę na coś innego
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To blame bad weather / To attribute negative outcomes to weather conditions
Assigning responsibility for unfavorable events or results to adverse weather conditions.
do 60%
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Up to 60% / As much as 60%
Referring to a maximum or upper limit of 60%.
budżet na promocję
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A marketing budget / Advertising expenditure
The allocated funds specifically designated for marketing and promotional activities.
oferta promocyjna
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A promotional offer / Marketing incentive
A special deal, discount, or incentive designed to attract customers and boost sales.
sieć sklepów
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A chain of stores / Retail franchise
A group of retail outlets or stores operating under the same brand or ownership.
życzę im szczęścia
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Good luck to the / Best wishes for
Expressing positive hopes or encouragement for someone’s endeavors or future outcomes.
agencja reklamowa
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An ad agency / Advertising firm
A company specializing in creating and managing advertising campaigns for clients.
rada, porada
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(A piece of) advice / Guidance or recommendation
Suggestions or counsel given to someone to help them make informed decisions or take appropriate actions.
Wgląd
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Insight / Understanding or perception
A deep understanding or clear perception of a situation, problem, or concept.
w oparciu o, na podstawie
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Based on / Derived from
Indicates that something is founded on or supported by specific information, data, or evidence.
i tak dalej i tak dalej
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and so on / and so forth
kanał dystrybucji
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A distribution channel / Sales or delivery network
The path or route through which products or services reach consumers, including wholesalers, retailers, and online platforms.
unikać
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To avoid / To prevent / evade
projekt ustawy
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A bill of law / Proposed legislation
A formal proposal for a new law or an amendment to existing legislation.
uchwalenie ustawy
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To pass a law / Enact legislation
The process of approving and making a proposed bill into an official law.
administracja
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The Administration / Government authorities
Refers to the executive branch of government responsible for implementing laws and policies.
upoważnić kogoś do zrobienia czegoś
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to give (sb) authority to do sth = to authorize sb to do sth / Empower
wydanie nakazu deportacji
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To issue a deportation order / Order removal
długi
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Lengthy / Prolonged
bezpieczeństwo granic
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Border security / Border protection
Sprawiedliwość prawna vs. społeczna
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A justice vs justice / Legal justice vs social justice
egzekwować prawo
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To enforce a law / Implement
wstrzymywać coś (ponownie)
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To place sth (back) on hold / Temporarily suspend
rozprawa, przesłuchanie
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A hearing = an interrogation / Legal proceeding
A formal session where evidence is presented, witnesses testify, and legal matters are discussed.
rozpocząć
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To get underway / Begin
polityka? miara?
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A measure / Policy
An action, law, or regulation taken to address
zalety i wady czegoś
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The pros and cons to sth / Advantages and disadvantages
Ponowne rozważenie projektu ustawy
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The reconsideration of a bill / Rethinking legislation
profilowanie rasowe
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Racial profiling / Ethnic profiling
The practice of targeting individuals based on their race, ethnicity, or nationality, often by law enforcement or security agencies.
orzekać
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To adjucate / To judge
To make a legal judgment or decision in a court of law.
Zatykać (sądy okręgowe)
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To clog (county courts) / To congest
To cause congestion or excessive backlog, often in legal proceedings or administrative processes.
W ciągu kilku dni = z dnia na dzień
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In days = overnight / Very quickly
Refers to something happening rapidly or within a short time frame.
kluczowy składnik
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A key component / Vital element
An essential part or factor that contributes significantly to a larger system or process.
sprzedać coś na aukcji
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To auction sth off / To sell by auction
To sell items or property to the highest bidder through a public auction.
meteorol
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A meteorologist / Weather expert
A scientist or professional who studies and predicts weather patterns and atmospheric conditions.
zależeć od czegoś
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To be riding on the back of sth / To depend / hinge / rely on
Refers to a situation where success or progress relies heavily on another factor or circumstance.
zaćmienie słońca
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Solar eclipse / Sun’s shadow
An astronomical event where the moon passes between the Earth and the sun, temporarily blocking sunlight.
narastające oczekiwania
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Anticipation building / Growing expectation (rising, increasing)
The feeling of excitement or expectation as an event or moment approaches.
wzbudzający podziw
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Awe-inspiring / Breathtaking
Something that evokes wonder, admiration, or reverence due to its grandeur or beauty.
pospieszyć się gdzieś
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To scramble to a place / To hurry to
Moving quickly or urgently to reach a specific location or achieve a goal.
wykonać coś
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To do sth / To perform an action
zwierzęta nocne
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Nocturnal animals / Night creatures
Nocturnal animals Night creatures
zbiegać się w czasie
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To coincide / To align
To occur simultaneously or at the same time as another event or situation.
powierzchnia słońca
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The surface of the sun / Solar surface
warte obejrzenia
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To make some good viewing / To be worth watching
w szczególności
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In particular / Specifically
zmniejszyć wartość
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To devalue / To decrease in value
To reduce the worth, significance, or importance of something.
rosnące obawy
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Growing concerns / Increasing worries
The rising unease or apprehension about a particular issue or situation.
wyraz wsparcia
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A show of support / Display of solidarity
Demonstrating backing, encouragement, or alliance toward a cause, person, or group.
klonowanie głosu
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Voice cloning / Vocal replication
odszkodowanie
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Compensation / Reimbursement
Payment or benefit provided to make up for loss, damage, or inconvenience.
zabrać komuś pracę
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To take away sb’s work / To displace
To replace or eliminate someone’s job or role due to automation, restructuring, or other factors.
właściciel praw autorskich
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A rights holder / Copyright holder
A legal entity or person with exclusive rights to a protected copyright, trademark, or patent, and related rights.
w najbliższym czasie
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Any time soon / In the near future
Refers to something unlikely to happen soon or in the immediate future.
jest tutaj aby pozostać
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It is here to stay
uchwalić
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To pass an act / To enact legislation
The process of approving and making a proposed bill into an official law.
istota sprawy
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The bottom line / The essential point
The most important or fundamental aspect of a situation or argument.
mieć skłonność do czegoś
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(To have) a penchant for sth / To have a liking for / be prone to something
odwrócić się od czegoś
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To turn one’s back to sth ///To ignore or reject
brak
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(A lack) thereof / Absence of / shortage
Referring to the absence of something previously mentioned.
być wskazanym, aby ktoś coś zrobił
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To behoove sb to do sth/ To be advisable
To be appropriate, necessary, or advantageous for someone to do something.
efekt domina
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domino effect / knock-on effect
indirect result
układ
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pact / Layout
the way in which objects are arranged
władze lokalne
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local authority / municipality / Local government
governing body of a city, town or district (UK)
klauzula karalna
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penalty / punishable clause
part of contract that imposes punishment if certain conditions aren't satisfied
marnować / odrzucać
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refuse / waste / garbage
zatrzymanie, zachowanie
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Retention / Holding
money owed but not paid until work is approved
oferta przetargowa
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tender / bid
formal process by which suppliers bid for a contract
składowanie odpadów
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Using a landfill / storage of waste
recykling
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Recycling / Reuse
cena zasobów
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Price of resources / Resource cost
planowane postarzanie
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Planned obsolescence / Built-in obsolescence
innowacja
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an innovation / Creativity
usuwanie produktów
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Disposing of products / Product disposal

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