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question		réponse
to draw marks that have no meaning bazgrać, gryzmolić commencer à apprendre		scribble scribbles on walls
to write in a careless and untidy way, so that your words are not easy to read bazgrać, gryzmolić commencer à apprendre		scrawl messages scrawled on subway trains
strongly established and not likely to change – often used to show disapproval głęboko zakorzeniony, umocniony commencer à apprendre		entrenched Ageism is entrenched in our society.
the quality of deserving to be believed and trusted wiarygodność commencer à apprendre		credibility The scandal has damaged his credibility as a leader.
sth that is a secret and intended to damage or destroy a government or an established system wywrotny, przewrotny commencer à apprendre		subversive subversive apeal
a quality that makes people like something or someone urok, atrakcyjność commencer à apprendre		appeal subversive appeal
to obtain or achieve something you want or need osiągać, zdobywać commencer à apprendre		gain gain a footing
the conditions or arrangements on which something is based oparcie, podstawa, położenie, fundament commencer à apprendre		footing gain a footing
for no reason spontanicznie commencer à apprendre		on a whim I didn’t leave just on a whim
an unfair criticism that is intended to make people dislike someone or something oszczerstwo, obelga commencer à apprendre		slur a racist slur
to speak unclearly without separating your words or sounds correctly/ to criticize someone or something unfairly bełkotać/ oczerniać commencer à apprendre		to slur She was slurring her words as if she was drunk.
a scribbled rendition of a name or nickname (jako podpis graficiarza) commencer à apprendre		tag
to illegally paint your name on a wall, vehicle etc (informal) commencer à apprendre		to tag
a piece of plastic, metal, or paper in which designs or letters have been cut out, that you put over a surface and paint over, so that the design is left on the surface szablon commencer à apprendre		stencil
to formally ask someone to write an official report, produce a work of art for you etc zlecać commencer à apprendre		commission Graffiti art might be commissioned, like a...
a painting that is painted on a wall, either inside or outside a building commencer à apprendre		mural
someone who is in charge of a museum or zoo kustosz (np. w muzeum) commencer à apprendre		curator He’s Curator of Prints at the Metropolitan.
relating to art or culture artystyczny commencer à apprendre		artistic artistic merit
an advantage or good feature of something wartość, zaleta commencer à apprendre		merit artistic merit
able to be carried or moved easily przenośny commencer à apprendre		portable a portable radio
to have an effect or influence on something, or not have any effect or influence mieć związek z czymś, mieć na coś wpływ commencer à apprendre		have a/some/no etc bearing on something Exercise has a direct bearing on how healthy you are
being part of the nature or character of someone or something nieodłączny, wrodzony commencer à apprendre		intrinsic the intrinsic interest of the subject
the state of a situation as it is stan istniejący commencer à apprendre		the status quo Will the West use its influence to maintain the status quo and not disrupt the flow of oil?
zachowywać w pamięci commencer à apprendre		retain It was a means of retaining their custome and cultute.
the force that causes objects to fall to the ground or to move towards each other because of their mass commencer à apprendre		gravity
supplied or equipped with people, especially soldiers or crew members; (of spacecraft, aircraft, etc.) having a human crew załogowy commencer à apprendre		manned
a person trained to travel and work in space commencer à apprendre		astronaut
a base from which a weapon or spacecraft is launched płyta wyrzutni rakiet commencer à apprendre		launching pad
when a weapon or spacecraft is sent into the sky or into space wystrzelenie commencer à apprendre		launch
an audible backward counting in fixed units (such as seconds) from an arbitrary starting number to mark the time remaining before an event odliczanie commencer à apprendre		countdown
the moment when a vehicle that is about to travel in space leaves the ground wystrzelenie commencer à apprendre		lift-off
a landing by a spacecraft in the sea commencer à apprendre		splashdown
a vehicle that is able to travel in space statek kosmiczny commencer à apprendre		spacecraft
the curved path travelled by an object which is moving around another much larger object such as the Earth, the Sun etc commencer à apprendre		orbit
if a ship or the captain does it, it sails into a dock so that it can unload wprowadzać do portu commencer à apprendre		dock
an important task or duty that involves travel, especially by a member of the armed forces or space program commencer à apprendre		mission
to make a coin wybijać, wytłaczać (monetę) commencer à apprendre		mint mint a coin
to invent a new word or expression, especially one that many people start to use wymyślić powiedzenie commencer à apprendre		coin The word ‘aromatherapy’ was coined in the 1920s.
the arrival of large numbers of people or large amounts of money, goods etc, especially suddenly przypływ, napływ commencer à apprendre		influx a sudden influx of cash
someone who writes plays dramatopisarz commencer à apprendre		playwright
someone who has not learned to read or write analfabeta commencer à apprendre		illiterate
a situation in which something is no longer used wyjść z użycia commencer à apprendre		disuse The building eventually fell into disuse.
a lot of something useful or good commencer à apprendre		a wealth of sth a wealth of imaginative ideas
to sit in the ring around a colleague who is making a parliamentary announcement, so that it is not clear to television viewers that the room is partically deserted commencer à apprendre		to doughtnut
someone who studies and knows about grammar gramatyk commencer à apprendre		grammarian
Nie zawrócisz Wisły kijem. commencer à apprendre		You cannot turn the ride.
able to read and write commencer à apprendre		lierate
almost praktycznie, niemalże commencer à apprendre		virtually Virtually all the children come to school by bus.
give impression of robić wrażenie commencer à apprendre		come across as come across as ignorant
to go back to the way things were done in the past instead of doing things in a modern way – used to show disapproval cofnąć czas commencer à apprendre		put/turn the clock back The new employment bill will put the clock back 50 years.
a special boot with a single row of wheels fixed under it, used for skating on hard surfaces rolka commencer à apprendre		rollerblade
(technical) the way in which a word changes its form to show a difference in its meaning or use modulacja (?) commencer à apprendre		inflection
noticeable in an unpleasant or annoying way rzucający si w oczy, natręptny commencer à apprendre		obtrusive The waiters were friendly and not obtrusive.
to enjoy something very much rozkoszować się, napawać się commencer à apprendre		revel in He revelled in his new-found fame.
(spoken) used when something someone does or says is almost correct or successful blisko, ale niezupełnie commencer à apprendre		close, but no cigar It was close, but no cigar for the Dodgers as they lost to the Reds 4–3.
(formal) seeming to be everywhere – sometimes used humorously wszechobecny, rozpowszechniony commencer à apprendre		ubiquitous Coffee shops are ubiquitous these days.
to succeed in communicating ideas or information to other people zakomunikować, przekazać commencer à apprendre		get (sth) over It’s important that we get this message over to young people.
to succeed in speaking to someone on the telephone dodzwonić się commencer à apprendre		get through It’s hard to get through to my uncle at times.
to mention a subject or start to talk about it poruszać coś commencer à apprendre		bring up Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?
if something such as a name or a subject appears in something you read or hear pojawiać się, przewijać się commencer à apprendre		crop up Your name kept cropping up in conversation.
to persuade someone not to do something odwieść kogoś od czegoś commencer à apprendre		talk sth out of sb Can’t you talk them out of selling the house?
talk about work commencer à apprendre		talk business
when sth is done for the value of the experience itself, not for any advantage it will bring dla samego siebie commencer à apprendre		for its own sake art for art’s sake
to be very useful to someone when needed przydać się komuś commencer à apprendre		stand sb in good stead His years of training were standing him in good stead.
done in a sensible and careful way rozsądny, roztropny commencer à apprendre		judicious a judicious choice
someone who starts a new business or arranges business deals in order to make money, often in a way that involves financial risks przedsiębiorczy commencer à apprendre		entreprenuerial
the state of being unclear, confusing, or not certain, or things that produce this effect dwuznaczność, niejednoznaczność commencer à apprendre		ambiguity
something that is unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way dwuznaczny, niejednoznaczny commencer à apprendre		ambiguous
a university degree course in Britain in which two main subjects are studied dyplom ukończenia studiów z dwóch kierunków commencer à apprendre		joint honorous joint honorous courses, joint honorous graduates
to sleep lightly for a short time zdrzemnąć się commencer à apprendre		doze Grandad was dozing in his chair.
a period of sleep kima (drzemka) commencer à apprendre		kip I’ve only had an hour’s kip.
a short sleep, especially during the day drzemka commencer à apprendre		nap I usually take a nap after lunch.
to sleep spać, zdrzemnąć się commencer à apprendre		slumber He had a legendary ability to learn while slumbering.
(informal) to sleep lightly for a short time uciąć drzemkę commencer à apprendre		snooze Dad was snoozing in his armchair.
to go to sleep very quickly because you are very tired paść ze zmęczenia commencer à apprendre		crash out I just want to go home and crash out.
to go to sleep, especially when you did not intend to odpłynąć commencer à apprendre		doze off I must have dozed off.
to gradually fall asleep stopniowo zasypiać, odpływać commencer à apprendre		drift off I was just drifting off when the phone rang.
to begin to sleep przysnąć commencer à apprendre		drop off She kept dropping off at her desk.
to begin to sleep, usually when you do not intend to and are sitting somewhere przysypiać commencer à apprendre		nod off I missed the movie because I kept nodding off.
an argument etc that is full of angry and excited feelings commencer à apprendre		heated (discussion, argument, etc.)
sleep very well spać jak kamień, jak suseł, jak zabity commencer à apprendre		sleep like a log
to hold something tightly trzymać się kurczowo commencer à apprendre		hang on sth hang in to their traditions
at the time that something happens jak tylko commencer à apprendre		as and when We don't own a car - we just rent one as and when we need it.
to be a feature of something, especially a feature that cannot be avoided być nieodłączną częścią czegoś commencer à apprendre		be part and parcel of something Being recognized in the street is part and parcel of being a celebrity.
when a situation is uncertain ryzykowny, niepewny commencer à apprendre		touch and go The doctor says that it's touch-and-go whether Mary will be okay.
when everything about a situation is considered together ogólnie rzecz biorąc, w zasadzie, w sumie commencer à apprendre		by and large There are a few small things that I don't like about my job, but by and large it's very enjoyable.
happening or existing only some of the time od czasu do czasu commencer à apprendre		off and on He worked off and on as a bicycle messenger, but he never found permanent work.
if you support or stay with someone through thick and thin, you always support or stay with them, even if there are problems or difficulties na dobre i na złe commencer à apprendre		through thick and thin She has stuck with me through thick and thin.
a sudden act of breathing in, especially when you are shocked commencer à apprendre		intake of breath Where an intake of breath is not necessarily followed by an exhalation.
the beginning of something, especially something bad commencer à apprendre		the onset of something the onset of winter
when something unpleasant begins and seems likely to continue for a long time nastać, zapanować commencer à apprendre		set in Winter seems to be setting in early this year.
to provide support or help for someone or something wspierać commencer à apprendre		back up The police officers are backed up by extra teams of people at the weekend.
to delay the progress or development of a plan, project etc opóźniać commencer à apprendre		set back The war damaged the country’s infrastructure and set back the pace of economic recovery.
to not do something that someone trusts or expects you to do zawieść kogoś commencer à apprendre		let sb down
to enter a building or car by using force, in order to steal something włamać się commencer à apprendre		break into sth
when sth unpleasant starts to happen (like was, fire, fight) wybuchnąć commencer à apprendre		break out I was still living in London when the war broke out.
when sth gradually becomes bigger or greater narastać commencer à apprendre		build up
lać (o deszczu) commencer à apprendre		pour down
when a meeting, event or a footbalgame starts rozpoczynać commencer à apprendre		kick off The match kicks off at noon.

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