reading & writing: fill in the blanks 1300 - 1600

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cumulative
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increasing or increased in quantity
The cumulative effect was significant.
roam
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move about or travel aimlessly or unsystematically
They roam the countryside.
dominate
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have power and influence over
They dominate the market.
dainty
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delicately small and pretty
She had dainty hands.
tilts
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move or cause to move into a sloping position
The table tilts.
veil
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a piece of fine material worn by women to protect or conceal the face
She wore a veil.
succession
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a number of people or things following one after the other
A succession of events.
dose
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a quantity of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at a particular time
They took a dose of medicine.
councils
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an advisory, deliberative, or legislative body of people formally constituted and meeting regularly.
They attended council meetings.
capacities
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the maximum amount that something can contain
The room was filled to capacity.
grant
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agree to give or allow (something requested) to
They granted permission.
breeze
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a gentle wind
A cool breeze blew.
theory
They discussed the theory.
especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
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a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something
conflicting
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incompatible or at variance; contradictory
They had conflicting opinions.
angle
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the space (usually measured in degrees) between two intersecting lines or surfaces at or close to the point where they meet
They measured the angle.
continuous
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forming an unbroken whole; without interruption
They had continuous rain.
conducive
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making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible
The environment was conducive to learning.
advocates
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a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy
They were advocates for change.
backward
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directed or turned toward the back or rear
They took a step backward.
stable
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not likely to change or fail; firmly established
The economy was stable.
feat
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an achievement that requires great courage
They accomplished a remarkable feat.
detect
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discover or identify the presence or existence of
They tried to detect the signal.
draw
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produce (a picture or diagram) by making lines and marks with a pen
They drew a picture.
determination
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firmness of purpose; resoluteness
They showed determination.
swamps
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an area of low-lying land that is frequently flooded
They explored the swamps.
diplomatic
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relating to or conducting international relations
They had diplomatic talks.
telltale
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revealing or indicating something
They saw telltale signs.
stave
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a vertical wooden plank forming part of the sides of a barrel or other container
They used a stave of wood.
degraded
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reduced in quality or strength; deteriorated
The land was degraded.
beam
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a ray or shaft of light
A beam of light.
conversion
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the process of changing or causing something to change from one form to another
They studied the conversion.
downside
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the negative aspect of something
They considered the downside.
engines
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a machine with moving parts that converts power into motion
The car had powerful engines.
custom
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a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society
They followed local customs.
supersonic
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involving or capable of speeds greater than that of sound
They flew at supersonic speed.
ceiling
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the upper interior surface of a room or other similar compartment
They painted the ceiling.
comic
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causing or meant to cause laughter
They watched a comic movie.
combed
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draw a comb through (hair) so as to disentangle or arrange it
They combed their hair.
bitter
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(of people or their feelings or behavior) angry, hurt, or resentful because of one's bad experiences or a sense of unjust treatment.
I don't feel jealous or bitter
executes
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carry out or put into effect (a plan
They executes the plan.
reciprocal
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given, felt, or done in return.
They had a reciprocal agreement.
dusty
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covered with or full of dust
The room was dusty.
crawl
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move forward on the hands and knees or by dragging the body close to the ground
The baby began to crawl.
gutters
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a shallow trough fixed below the edge of a roof for carrying off rainwater
They cleaned the gutters.
genomes
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the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism
They studied genomes.
clogged
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blocked with an accumulation of thick
The drain was clogged.
clement
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merciful or lenient
They had clement weather.
belligerents
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a nation or person engaged in war or conflict
The belligerents signed a treaty.
embargo
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an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country
They imposed an embargo.
purport
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appear or claim to do something
They purport to be experts.
boom
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a deep resonant sound
They heard a boom.
bind
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tie or fasten tightly together
They bind the books.
advantageous
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providing a favorable circumstance or opportunity; beneficial
The deal was advantageous.
reassuring
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removing someone's doubts or fears
They gave reassuring advice.
buffer
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a person or thing that reduces the impact of shock or that forms a barrier between incompatible or antagonistic people or things
They acted as a buffer.
devote
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give all or most of one's time or resources to (a person or activity)
They devote time to their studies.
surround
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be all around (someone or something)
The mountains surround the valley.
abusively
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in an extremely or outrageously offensive manner
They spoke abusively.
index
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an alphabetical list of names
clear cross references supplemented by a thorough index
dart
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move or run somewhere suddenly or rapidly
They darted across the street.
baseline
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a minimum or starting point used for comparisons
They established a baseline.
corruption
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dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power
the journalist who wants to expose corruption in high places
suspicious
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having or showing a cautious distrust of someone or something
They were suspicious of the offer.
lump
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a compact mass of a substance
They found a lump of coal.
confident
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feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one's abilities or qualities
They were confident in their abilities.
tough
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strong enough to withstand adverse conditions or rough handling
The material was tough.
aggressive
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ready or likely to attack or confront; characterized by or resulting from aggression
They took aggressive action.
ease
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absence of difficulty or effort
They completed the task with ease.
decisively
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in a manner that settles a matter conclusively
They decided decisively.
demonstrates
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clearly exhibit the presence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence
They demonstrates the theory.
niche
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a specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service
They found a niche market.
defense
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the action of defending from or resisting attack
They strengthened their defense.
leap
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jump or spring a long way
They took a leap of faith.
examines
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inspect (someone or something) thoroughly to determine their nature or condition
They examines the evidence.
defines
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give the meaning of (a word or phrase)
They defines the terms.
connect
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bring together or into contact so that a link is established
They tried to connect the wires.
enduring
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lasting over a period of time; durable
They had an enduring friendship.
coach
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an instructor or trainer in sport
They hired a coach.
cultivated
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try to acquire or develop (a quality
They cultivated new skills.
innate
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inborn or natural
They had innate abilities.
disappear
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cease to be visible
They watched the ship disappear.
considers
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think carefully about (something)
They considers the options.
earned
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obtain (money) in return for labor or services
They earned a good salary.
carpets
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a floor covering made from thick woven fabric
They cleaned the carpets.
gather
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come or bring together; assemble or collect
They gather the information.
drum
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a percussion instrument sounded by being struck with sticks or the hands
a shuffling dance to the beat of a drum
throat
They had a sore throat.
containing the windpipe and esophagus
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the front part of the neck of a person or animal
blinking
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shut and open the eyes quickly
They were blinking in the bright light.
continually
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repeatedly; constantly
They were continually improving.
tragic
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causing or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow
They experienced a tragic loss.
isolate
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set or keep apart from others
They tried to isolate the patient.
convince
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cause (someone) to believe firmly in the truth of something
They tried to convince them.
cloud
They saw a cloud.
typically high above the general level of the ground
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a visible mass of condensed watery vapor floating in the atmosphere
discredited
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having lost credibility or good reputation
The theory was discredited.
energetic
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showing or involving great activity or vitality
They were energetic.
eminently
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to a high degree; very
The work was eminently successful.
overhaul
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take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary
They overhauled the engine.
adherence
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faithful attachment to a cause
They showed adherence to the rules.
blight
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a thing that spoils or damages something
The blight ruined the crops.
contemplate
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look thoughtfully for a long time at
They contemplated the view.
consist
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be composed or made up of
The team consists of five members.
facet
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one side of something many-sided
They examined every facet of the issue.
delight
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great pleasure
They took delight in the success.
thrust
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push (something or someone) suddenly or violently in a specified direction
They thrust the door open.
branch
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a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk or from a bough
They climbed the branch.
shimmer
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shine with a soft
The water shimmered.
bold
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showing an ability to take risks; confident and courageous
They made a bold move.
capability
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the power or ability to do something
They demonstrated their capability.
column
typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete
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an upright pillar
or other structure or standing alone as a monument
cruise
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sail about in an area without a precise destination
They went on a cruise.
fate
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the development of events beyond a person's control
They believed in fate.
riots
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a violent disturbance of the peace by a crowd
They faced riots.
circuit
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a roughly circular line
They ran a circuit.
lush
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richly verdant or covered with vegetation
The garden was lush.
comparisons
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the act or instance of comparing
They made comparisons.
cursory
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hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed
They gave a cursory glance.
integrate
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combine (one thing) with another so that they become a whole
They tried to integrate the systems.
implicit
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implied though not plainly expressed
They made an implicit agreement.
embrace
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accept or support willingly and enthusiastically
They embraced the new ideas.
cunning
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having or showing skill in achieving one's ends by deceit or evasion
They were cunning.
impair
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weaken or damage (something
The injury impaired their ability.
irony
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the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite
They used irony.
transient
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lasting only for a short time; impermanent
The feeling was transient.
exceeding
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going beyond the limits of what is normal or allowed
They were exceeding the speed limit.
curly
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shaped or winding in curls
They had curly hair.
tribal
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relating to a tribe or tribes
They had tribal customs.
rhythm
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a strong regular repeated pattern of movement or sound
They danced to the rhythm.
cessation
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the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end
They demanded a cessation of hostilities.
blasting
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explosive demolition or fragmentation using explosives
They heard blasting sounds.
evoke
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bring or recall (a feeling
The music evoked memories.
cardiac
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relating to the heart
They had cardiac problems.
dissolved
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melted or liquefied
The sugar dissolved in the water.
allergic
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having an allergy
They were allergic to peanuts.
conceivably
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imaginably; possibly
They could conceivably win.
whiff
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a slight smell of something
They caught a whiff of smoke.
characterization
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the act of describing or portraying the character or qualities of someone or something
They analyzed the characterization.
dictate
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lay down authoritatively; prescribe
They tried to dictate terms.
tame
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domesticated or cultivated
They had a tame animal.
fabled
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well known for being of great quality or rarity; famous.
They visited the fabled city.
haul
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pull or drag with effort or force
They tried to haul the heavy load.
adoring
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showing deep love and admiration
They had adoring fans.
bane
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a cause of great distress or annoyance
The noise was the bane of their existence.
subsonic
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relating to or flying at a speed less than that of sound
They flew at subsonic speeds.
wing
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a movable or fixed projecting part of an aircraft or bird that produces lift
The plane had large wings.
clogging
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blocking or becoming blocked with an accumulation of thick
The pipes were clogging.
desertification
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the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
nearly one fifth of the world's land is threatened with desertification
acoustically
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in a way that relates to sound or the sense of hearing
The room was acoustically designed.
encode
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convert into a coded form
They encoded the message.
appalling
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causing shock or dismay; horrific
They witnessed appalling conditions.
conscience
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a person's moral sense of right and wrong
They followed their conscience.
allege
They allege that the company broke the law.
typically without proof that this is the case
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claim or assert that someone has done something illegal or wrong
amicably
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in a friendly and peaceable manner
They settled the dispute amicably.
aligned
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placed or arranged in a straight line
They were aligned with the goal.
drastic
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likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect; radical and extreme
They took drastic measures.
affiliate
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officially attach or connect (a subsidiary group or a person) to an organization
They were an affiliate of the company.
conquest
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the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by use of military force
They studied the conquest.
tucked
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push, fold, or turn (the edges or ends of something, especially a garment or bedclothes) so as to hide them or hold them in place.
They tucked the blankets in.
lustrous
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having a gloss or shine
The pearls were lustrous.
supple
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bending and moving easily and gracefully; flexible
They had supple movements.
coronary
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relating to or denoting the arteries that surround and supply the heart
They had coronary problems.
boomers
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a person or thing that booms
The economic boomers.
dare
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have the courage to do something
They didn't dare to speak.
swept
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move swiftly and smoothly
The wind swept through the trees.
knock
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strike a surface noisily to attract attention
They gave a knock.
lethal
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sufficient to cause death
The poison was lethal.
exact
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not approximated in any way; precise
They gave the exact measurements.
parity
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the state or condition of being equal
They sought parity.
sensible
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done or chosen in accordance with wisdom or prudence; likely to be of benefit
They made a sensible decision.
adjust
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alter or regulate (something) in order to achieve accuracy or fit
They tried to adjust the settings.
brace
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prepare (oneself or something) for something difficult or unpleasant
They braced themselves for the impact.
grades
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a particular level of rank, quality, proficiency, intensity, or value.
sea salt is usually available in coarse or fine grades
dive
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plunge headfirst into water with the arms outstretched
They took a dive into the pool.
advisable
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to be recommended; worthy of being advised or suggested
It was advisable to leave.
vague
indefinite
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of uncertain
They gave vague answers.
or unclear character or meaning
constituent
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being a part of a whole
They were a constituent part.
dietary
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relating to diet or nutrition
They had dietary restrictions.
affluent
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having a great deal of money; wealthy
They lived in an affluent neighborhood.
convenience
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the state of being able to proceed with something without difficulty
They valued convenience.
alliances
They formed alliances.
especially between countries or organizations
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a union or association formed for mutual benefit
prestige
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widespread respect and admiration felt for someone or something on the basis of a perception of their achievements or quality
They gained prestige.
optimize
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make the best or most effective use of (a situation
They tried to optimize the process.
disorientation
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confusion or loss of bearings
They felt disorientation.
soothe
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gently calm (a person or their feelings)
They tried to soothe the baby.
tactile
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of or connected with the sense of touch
They had tactile experiences.
dehydrated
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having or showing a dangerous lack of water in the body
They were dehydrated.
praise
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express warm approval or admiration of
They received praise.
divers
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of varying types; several
They had divers opinions.
aching
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suffering from a dull persistent pain
They had aching muscles.
emulates
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match or surpass (a person or achievement)
They emulates their hero.
sting
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a small sharp-pointed organ at the end of the abdomen of bees, wasps, ants, and scorpions, capable of inflicting a painful or dangerous wound by injecting poison.
They felt a sting.
ravages
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cause severe and extensive damage to
The storm ravages the coast.
contagion
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the communication of disease from one person or organism to another by close contact
They feared the contagion.
pledge
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a solemn promise or undertaking
They made a pledge.
debunking
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expose the falseness of (a myth
They were debunking the myth.
vent
gas
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an opening that allows air
They opened the vent.
or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space
habitual
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done constantly or as a habit
They had habitual routines.
contrasts
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the state of being strikingly different from something else in juxtaposition or close association
They showed contrasts.
scramble
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make one's way quickly or awkwardly up a steep gradient or over rough ground by using one's hands and feet
They scrambled up the hill.
escalate
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increase rapidly
The conflict began to escalate.
disrespectful
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showing a lack of respect or courtesy; impolite
They were disrespectful.
penetrate
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succeed in forcing a way into or through (a thing)
The bullet penetrated the wall.
grips
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take and keep a firm hold of; seize or fasten onto
They grips the railing.
ambient
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relating to the immediate surroundings of something
They enjoyed the ambient light.
eliminate
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completely remove or get rid of (something)
They tried to eliminate the problem.
dots
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a small round mark or spot
They connected the dots.
cooperative
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involving mutual assistance in working towards a common goal
They were cooperative.
abolish
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formally put an end to (a system
They tried to abolish the rule.
consolidation
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the action or process of combining or uniting
They worked on consolidation.
commute
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travel some distance between one's home and place of work on a regular basis
They commute to work.
disparate
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essentially different in kind; not able to be compared
They had disparate views.
rein
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a long, narrow strap attached at one end to a horse's bit, typically used in pairs to guide or check a horse while riding or driving.
They held the rein.
excuse
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attempt to lessen the blame attached to (a fault or offense); seek to defend or justify
They tried to excuse their behavior.
climax
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the most intense or important point of something; a culmination or apex
The climax of the story.
expansive
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covering a wide area in terms of space or scope; extensive
They had expansive views.
strap
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a strip of leather or other flexible material
intervene
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take part in something so as to prevent or alter a result or course of events
They intervened in the dispute.
drift
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be carried slowly by a current of air or water
They drifted along the river.
tentative
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not certain or fixed; provisional
They made tentative plans.
thorny
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causing distress or difficulty
They faced thorny issues.
contradictions
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a combination of statements or features that are opposed to one another
They had contradictions in their statements.
deteriorate
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become progressively worse
The situation began to deteriorate.
unveiled
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remove a covering from; reveal
They unveiled the statue.
afloat
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floating in water; not sinking
The boat remained afloat.
shore
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the land along the edge of a sea or wide river
They walked along the shore.
decides
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come or bring to a resolution in one's mind as to a course of action
They decides to leave.
gossip
They spread gossip.
typically involving details that are not confirmed as being true
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casual or unconstrained conversation or reports about other people
convenient
activities
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fitting in well with a person's needs
The location was convenient.
and plans
enticing
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attractive or tempting; alluring
They made an enticing offer.
thirst
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a feeling of needing or wanting to drink something
They felt thirst.
gauge
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an instrument or device for measuring the magnitude or amount of something
They used a gauge.
enemies
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a person who is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something; an adversary
They faced enemies.
discerning
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having or showing good judgment
They were discerning.
contraction
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the process of becoming smaller
They observed the contraction.
charms
attracting
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the power or quality of delighting
They used their charms.
or fascinating others
dire
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of a situation or event) extremely serious or urgent
They faced dire circumstances.
evil
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profoundly immoral and wicked
They fought against evil.
quarks
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a subatomic particle forming a principal constituent of matter. Quarks combine to form composite particles called hadrons the components of atomic nuclei.
They studied quarks.
mitigate
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make less severe or serious
They tried to mitigate the damage.
gadgets
They used gadgets.
especially one of novel design
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a small tool or device that has a specific function
colony
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a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country
They studied the colony.
dehydration
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excessive loss of water from the body or a body tissue
They suffered from dehydration.
exacerbate
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make (a problem, bad situation, or negative feeling) worse.
the exorbitant cost of land in urban areas only exacerbated the problem
disobedience
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failure or refusal to obey rules or someone in authority
They showed disobedience.
enriches
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improve the quality of (something) by adding or increasing an ingredient or component
They enriches the soil.
tragedy
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an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophe.
a tragedy that killed 95 people
cyclone
They experienced a cyclone.
with counterclockwise (northern hemisphere) or clockwise (southern hemisphere) circulation; a depression
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a system of winds rotating inward to an area of low atmospheric pressure
arable
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capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops
They had arable land.
cater
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provide food and drink
They cater to the needs.
consultant
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a person who provides expert advice professionally
They hired a consultant.
hampered
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hinder or impede the movement or progress of
They were hampered by the weather.
confection
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a sweet dish or course
They enjoyed a confection.
enthusiast
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a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about something
They were an enthusiast.
cassettes
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a sealed plastic unit containing a length of audiotape or videotape wound on reels
They listened to cassettes.
propriety
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the state or quality of conforming to conventionally accepted standards of behavior or morals
They showed propriety.
corrupted
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cause to become damaged or unsound; cause to deviate from ideal purity or integrity
The data was corrupted.
ambiguity
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the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness
They faced ambiguity.
halve
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divide into two parts
They tried to halve the cost.
castilian
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a dialect of Spanish originating in central Spain
They spoke Castilian.
treaty
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a formally concluded and ratified agreement between states
They signed a treaty.
defend
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resist an attack made on (someone or something); protect from harm or danger
They tried to defend their position.
touted
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attempt to sell (something)
They touted the benefits.
bowel
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the part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine
They had bowel problems.
rife
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of something undesirable or harmful) of frequent occurrence; widespread
The area was rife with crime.
glacier
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a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles
They explored the glacier.
deeds
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an action that is performed intentionally or consciously
They praised their good deeds.
aquifer
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a body of permeable rock that can contain or transmit groundwater
They studied the aquifer.
trope
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a figurative or metaphorical use of a word or expression
They used a common trope.
caldera
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a large volcanic crater
They observed the caldera.
synthetic
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made by chemical synthesis
They used synthetic materials.
alert
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quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous situations
They remained alert.
campus
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the grounds and buildings of a university or college
They walked around the campus.
catchphrase
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a well-known sentence or phrase
They used a catchphrase.
enlightenment
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the action or state of attaining or having attained spiritual knowledge or insight
They sought enlightenment.
deputy
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a person appointed to undertake the duties of someone else in that person's absence
They were a deputy.
tease
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make fun of or attempt to provoke (a person or animal) in a playful or unkind way
They teased their friend.
coexist
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exist at the same time or in the same place
The two species coexist.
cognition
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the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and the senses
They studied cognition.
tale
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a fictitious or true narrative or story
They told a tale.
aeroplane
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a powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces
They flew in an aeroplane.
digging
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break up and move earth with a tool or hands
They were digging in the garden.
devotee
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a person who is very interested and enthusiastic about someone or something
They were a devotee of the arts.
clerks
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a person employed in an office or bank to keep records or accounts and to undertake other routine administrative duties
The clerks filed the documents.
beach
They walked along the beach.
especially by the sea between high- and low-water marks
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a pebbly or sandy shore
cruelty
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cruel behavior or attitudes
They witnessed cruelty.
anomaly
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something that deviates from what is standard
They found an anomaly.
gulosity
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excessive appetite; greed
They showed gulosity.
bust
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break something suddenly and violently into pieces
They tried not to bust the glass.
swath
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a broad strip or area of something
They cut a swath through the field.
copious
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abundant in supply or quantity; plentiful
They had copious amounts of food.
pottery
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pots, dishes, and other articles made of earthenware or baked clay. Pottery can be broadly divided into earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware.
They made pottery.
odour
They smelled an odour.
especially an unpleasant one
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a distinctive smell
compensated
suffering
typically money
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give (someone) something
or injury incurred; pay
in recognition of loss
schematic
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a diagrammatic representation of something
They drew a schematic.
adolescence
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the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult
They studied adolescence.

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