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preserved remains or traces of organisms found in rocks or sediments, providing valuable evidence of past life forms and evolutionary history on Earth
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Fossil record
Animals without a spine
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Invertebrates
layers of rock or other materials.
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strata
period of time during which human activities have impacted the environment enough to constitute a distinct geological change.
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Anthropocene
something very important that something else depends on
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Cornerstone
amount of water transferred into a place
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Inflow
the degree of being saline
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Salnity
an animal with no spine
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Invertebrate
an animal that eats only plants
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Herbivore
the fact of something increasing a lot and suddenly in number or amount
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Proliferation
a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
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Equilibrium
ocated below the surface of the water
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Submarine
a very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly
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Pumice
the process of ice, snow, or another frozen substance becoming liquid or soft as a result of warming up.
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Thawing
growing or spreading quickly, in a way that cannot be controlled.
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Rampant
the level at which something starts to happen
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Threshold
mark with intersecting lines, overlap
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Crisscross
to make less severe, less harsh
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Mitigate
to increase the chance of something happening
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Up the possibility of something
connected with the ability to smell
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olfactory
to make something new from different things
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concoct
uels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago
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fossil-fuel
all those economic activities, products and services designed to meet the needs of people over 50
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Silver economy
A glacier is a large mass of ice that forms over many years from the accumulation and compaction of snow in areas where the rate of snowfall exceeds melting.
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Glacier
refer to the lasting effects or consequences of a particular action, decision, event, or trend over an extended period.
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long-term implications
happening after something else
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happening after something else
If an amount quadruples, it becomes multiplied by four, or if you quadruple it, you multiply it by four.
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Quadruple
to make something less severe or less unpleasant
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Mitigate
to become gradually smaller or weaker, or happen less often
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Taper off
to make a judgment about a situation or about what someone thinks or feels, to measure a distance, size, or amount
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gauge
the state of being full or blocked, especially with traffic
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congestion
a large structure on or in water with facilities to drill wells, to extract and process oil and natural gas
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offshore oil rig
an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display
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Specimen
comforts or conveniences
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amenities
the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.
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biodiversity
a small area of land that has a wall or fence around it
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Enclosure
enough or more than enough
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Ample
to grow or develop successfully
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Flourish
furthest towards the north of an area
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Northernmost
the quality or state of being prepared to do something; readiness
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willingness
to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something
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to emerge
to reach the same standard, stage, or level that someone has reached
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to catch up
a position or standpoint from which something is viewed or considered
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Vantage point
the act or an instance of placing two or more things side by side often to compare or contrast or to create an interesting effect
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Juxtaposition
it’s a type of transport that is transporting a big amount of people – transport zbiorowy
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Mass-transit
it's a car without a driver
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Driverless
to originate or take part in the development of a new method, area of knowledge, or activity
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Pioneer new techniques
no longer in existence; having ended or died out
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Extinct
the top or highest part of something such as a wave or a hill
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Crest
the possible results of an action
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ramification
to grow or develop successfully
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To flourish

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