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question		réponse
phoneme commencer à apprendre		smallest articulatory component of language
morpheme commencer à apprendre		smallest, meaningful articulatory component of language
lexicology commencer à apprendre		study of vocabulary
syntax commencer à apprendre		study of sentences
pragmatics commencer à apprendre		using language to achieve something in a social setting
duality (properties) commencer à apprendre		language is made of two levels: meaning of words and physical level - sounds
cultural transmission (properties) commencer à apprendre		language is not in our genetics, instead we acquire it because of our culture
arbitrariness (properties) commencer à apprendre		words don't have an inherited meaning
displacement (properties) commencer à apprendre		we can talk about abstract concepts or about future etc
productivity (property) commencer à apprendre		infinite Numbers of birds and sentences can be created by finite number of letters/sounds
noun commencer à apprendre		rzeczownik
verb commencer à apprendre		czasownik
adjective commencer à apprendre		przymiotnik
adverb commencer à apprendre		przysłówek
pronoun commencer à apprendre		zaimek
preposition commencer à apprendre		przyimek
conjuction commencer à apprendre		spójnik
determiner commencer à apprendre		that, mine, hers etc
particula commencer à apprendre		partykuła
pictogram commencer à apprendre		monosemic, graphic representation of objects etc
idiograms commencer à apprendre		polisemic, simplified forms of pictograms
logograms commencer à apprendre		sign corresponding to a word (like in Chinese)
L1: prelinguistic stage commencer à apprendre		producing words for fun not for communication
L2: one word stage commencer à apprendre		L2: etap jednego słowa
L1: telegraphic speech commencer à apprendre		no grammatical words ("is")
L1: overgeneralization commencer à apprendre		uses common grammatical rules for everything
L1 (in short) commencer à apprendre		massive input, unorganized grammaticaly
L2 (in short) commencer à apprendre		reduced input, structured
metalanguage (used in L2) commencer à apprendre		helps in learning, language about language
language transfer commencer à apprendre		transferring certain components of one language into the other
negative transfer commencer à apprendre		patterns aren't parallel, difficulties in learning
positive transfer commencer à apprendre		patterns are parallel, helps in learning
derivation commencer à apprendre		combining words (roots) with affixes (morpehemes)
suffix commencer à apprendre		-ly
prefix commencer à apprendre		un-
infix commencer à apprendre		-a-
compounding commencer à apprendre		word + word/ black+ board = blackboard
clipping commencer à apprendre		reducing word length without reducing meaning
blending commencer à apprendre		motor + hotel = motel
prescriptive approach commencer à apprendre		proper use of language originating from classical languages
descriptive approach commencer à apprendre		what is correct in language is determined on whether the speakers use it

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