Lekcja 19

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poprawa, rozszerzenie, zwiększenie, podniesienie, uwydatnienie, spotęgowanie
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enhancement
the process of improving the quality, amount, or strength of something:
1. memory enhancement 2. Enhancements made to websites often result in increased page views
zarekwirować, konfiskować, zabierać coś komuś
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requisition
to officially request or take something:
The army requisitioned all the cars and trucks they could find.
fałszywe pieniądze
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counterfeit money
1. najwyższy (o władzy) 2. niepodległy, suwerenny (kraj)
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sovereign
having the highest power or being completely independent:
1. Sovereign power is said to lie with the people in some countries, and with a ruler in others. 2. We must respect the rights of sovereign states/nations to conduct their own affairs.
gwałtowna reakcja (przeciwko czemuś), ostry sprzeciw
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backlash
a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politics:
1. the 60s backlash against bourgeois materialism 2. the backlash against feminism
klucz (do nakrętek)
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wrench, spanner
sałata
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a lettuce
żałosna wymówka
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lame excuse
(NOT SATISFACTORY) (especially of an excuse or argument) weak and unsatisfactory:
przeciwstawiać się (prawu), ignorować (nakazy), postępować wbrew (komuś, czemuś)
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defy
1. It is rare to see children openly defying their teachers. 2. A few workers have defied the majority decision and gone into work despite the strike. 3. The fact that aircraft don't fall out of the sky always seems to me to defy the law of gravity.
1. to refuse to obey a person, decision, law, situation, etc.:
nagabywać (np. klientów), nakłaniać (do kupna), zachwalać (towary, usługi)
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tout
(MAKE KNOWN) to advertise, talk about, or praise something or someone repeatedly, especially as a way of encouraging people to like, accept, or buy something:
1. The minister has been touting these ideas for some time. 2. He is being widely touted as the next leader of the party.
krytyk, krytykant (osoba wyrażająca nie zawsze uzasadnioną krytykę)
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detractor
someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly:
His detractors claim that his fierce temper makes him unsuitable for leadership.
zlecenie, zamówienie dzieła, zamówienie utworu (np. obrazu)
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commission
(REQUEST WORK) to formally choose someone to do a special piece of work, or to formally ask for a special piece of work from someone:
1. The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the worst excesses of the fashion industry. 2. She's commissioned an artist to paint her portrait.
utrzymanie, środki utrzymania, środki do życia
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livelihood
(the way someone earns) the money people need to pay for food, a place to live, clothing, etc.: Synonyms your bread and butter living (MONEY)
Many ship workers could lose their livelihoods because of falling orders for new ships. That farm is his livelihood.
chwilowa moda, mania
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fad
a style, activity, or interest that is very popular for a short period of time:
the latest health fad UK There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago.
na pierwszy rzut oka, pozornie, podobno, na czyjeś oko
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on the face of it
used when you are describing how a situation seems on the surface:
On the face of it, it seems like a bargain, but I bet there are hidden costs.
dać mu szansę
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give it a go
to attempt something:
Only a few people are successful as professional athletes, but it's worth giving it a go.
układać się (np. o sytuacji)
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pan out
to develop in a particular way or in a successful way:
We'll have to see how things pan out. Their attempt to start a new business didn't pan out.
skurczyc sie
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contract
to become smaller in amount or quantity:
1. A recession is a period when the economy is contracting. 2. Agricultural output has contracted by 2.3 percent.
skrimish / clash
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skrimish / clash
skraj, krawędź
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brink
the point where a new or different situation is about to begin:
1. Extreme stress had driven him to the brink of a nervous breakdown. 2. Scientists are on the brink of (= extremely close to) a major new discovery.
grzechotka, grzechotać
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rattle
asystent, pomocnik, doradca (bliski współpracownik ważnej osoby, np. polityka)
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aide
a person whose job is to help someone important, such as a member of a government or a military officer of high rank:
a senior government aide an aide to the prime minister
przeciwność losu
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adversity
a difficult or unlucky situation or event:
She was always cheerful in adversity. The road to happiness is paved with adversities
zdrada (wobec kraju)
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treason
(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or trying to defeat its government:
In 1606 Guy Fawkes was executed for treason.
1. dręczyciel, łobuz 2. terroryzować, znęcać się nad słabszymi
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bully
someone who hurts or frightens someone else, often over a period of time, and often forcing them to do something that they do not want to do:
1. You're just a big bully! 2. Teachers usually know who the bullies are in a class.
rozprawić się z czymś
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Crack down on sth
to take strong action to stop something:
The law limits engine idling to four minutes, but there aren’t enough police officers to crack down on the problem.
żonglować
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juggle
to throw several objects up into the air, and then catch and throw them up repeatedly so that one or more stays in the air, usually in order to entertain people:
1. We all watched in amazement as he juggled with three flaming torches.
inicjatywa oddolna
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grassroots initiative
involving the ordinary people in a society or an organization:
1. grassroots support 2. a grassroots movement/campaign
drzemać, drzemka
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slumber
literary
1. I fell into a gentle slumber. 2. I didn't want to rouse you from your slumbers.
plamisty
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speckled
uosabiać coś
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embody sth
to have and show particular qualities or ideas; represent:
Arthur Ashe embodied the ideals of good sportsmanship.
wystawać (poza obręb)
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jut
to (cause to) stick out, especially above or past the edge or surface of something:
The pier juts (out) into the lake. He jutted his chin/jaw (out) defiantly.
podstawa, ostoja, podpora
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mainstay
the mainstay of sth the most important part of something, providing support for everything else:
1. Cattle farming is the mainstay of the country's economy. 2. The white blouse will be the mainstay of your wardrobe this summer.
wyluzować się, odpuścić. wyluzowany, zrelaksowany
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laid back
relaxed in manner and character; not usually worried about other people's behaviour or things that need to be done:
I've never seen her worried or anxious in any way - she's so laid-back.
z pełnym wyżywieniem
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full board
osłabiać, uszkadzać, nadwyrężać
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impair
to spoil something or make it weaker so that it is less effective:
A recurring knee injury may have impaired his chances of winning the tournament.
szkodliwy, niepożądany, niekorzystny
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detrimental
causing harm or damage:
1. These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment. 2. Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company.
kontrapunkt
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counterpoint
skrajna bieda
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abject poverty
ostry zapach (smak)
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pungent smell
smelling or tasting very strong and sharp: the pungent whiff of a goat
I sat down to a cup of wonderfully pungent Turkish coffee.
odpowiedni, sprawdzony/ przynoszący oczekiwany rezultat
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go-to
used to describe the best person, thing, or place for a particular purpose or need:
1. if you are sick a go-to person is a doctor 2. He was the company's go-to guy for new ideas. 3. For 20 years, Wild Mountain was the go-to store for outdoor enthusiasts.
skórki z cytryny
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lemon zest
zasady co robić i czego nie robić w określonej sytuacji
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dos and don'ts
rozpakuj temat i zagłęb się w niego
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unpack topic and deep dive into it
błąd, pomyłka, gafa
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blunder
a serious mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking:
1. He said that the tax was a major political blunder. 2. I made a blunder by getting his name wrong.
obracac, zmienic temat/opinie, zalezec od czegos
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pivot on sth
1. pivot (TURN) to turn or twist: 2. pivot (CHANGE OPINIONS) to change your opinions, decisions, etc. so that they are different to what they were before: 3. pivot (CHANGE SUBJECT) to avoid talking about something by talking about something else:
1. She pivots her left foot. 2. He pivoted on his heels and headed out. 3. Future deals will pivot on (= depend on) easing commercial conflicts.
przenikliwy(ból), dolegliwy, dręczący (problem), bystry, wnikliwy
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acute
1. (EXTREME) If a bad situation is acute, it causes severe problems or damage: 2. (ACCURATE/CLEVER) used to describe intelligence, senses, etc. that are very good, accurate, and able to notice very small differences:
1. She felt acute embarrassment/anxiety/concern at his behaviour. 2. acute eyesight/hearing 3. an acute sense of smell

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