LECTURE 3

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language
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a system of arbitrary vocal symbols by which members of a social group interact
arbitrary language
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language that relies on abstract connections between words and their meanings
onomatopoeic language
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language that sues words that mimic the actual sounds of what they describe
vocal
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typically refers to anything related to the voice or sound produced by the human voice. It can refer to spoken communication or the use of vocal cords in producing sounds
system
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consistency in which sounds and their combinations are put together in a language
synchronic study
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study that focuses on language as it exists at a specific moment in time
diachronic study
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study that examines language's historical development over time
constructive analysis
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analysis that refers to the study and comparision of two or more languages to identify differences and similarities between them
vocally auditory channel
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in this channel person produces spoken language through the vocal apparatus and receiver interprets these sounds through the auditory channel by listening and processing the information
broadcast transmission and directional reception
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sound goes in all directions
rapid fading
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the fact that when you say something it disappears
interchangeability
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concept where multiple words or structures can be used to express the same idea
semanticity
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means that in a given language, specific words or linguistic elements have agreed upon meaning and when used in combination they can create complex meanings and messages
arbitrariness
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there is no inherent connection between the form of a word and the meaning it conveys
discreteness
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refers to the property of a language where it is composed of distinct units that can be combined to form meaningful messages. "cat" is a discrete unit that can be combined like this "the cat runs" and now it forms a meaningful message
productivity
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we can use potential and produce something new "unbreak my heart"
displacement
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means we not only can speak about now and then but we can move in time and space
traditional transmission
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you can learn a language by being in the environment that speaks in this language
duality pattern
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is when we use basic sounds or symbols to build words and those words create meaning
reciprocity
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is when words or grammar in a language show that two or more people are doing something to each other, like "they help each other" or "they share with each other"
micro-psychological function of language
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function of language that refers to biological process that enable humans to produce and comprehend speech
phatic function of language
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function of language which is all about using words to keep a conversation going and be friendly rather than just sharing information
ideational function of language
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it helps us describe reality, express our thoughts and communicate about our experiences, making it a fundamental aspect of human language
interpersonal function of language
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function of language that focuses on how language is used to establish and manage social relationships, express feelings and emotions
poetic function of language
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it focuses on the aesthetic and creative aspects of language and communication with an emphasis on how language is used for artistic, expressive and imaginative purposes
textual function of language
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it focuses on how language is structured and organized to create coherent texts whether in written or spoken form

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