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Self agency
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Psychological capacity to act intentionally, make autonomous choices, and exert control over one's life
Accountability -
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The obligation or responsibility of an individual or organization to accept and justify their actions, decisions, and outcomes
Preventive strategies -
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Proactive, evidence based measures designed to reduce the risk of diseases, injury, or negative outcomes before they occur
Addiction care/ support -
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Services and treatments provided to help individuals recover from addiction
Chronic disease -
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A long lasting condition that generally cannot be cured but can be managed
Stigma -
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A set of negative beliefs or attitudes directed toward a person or group, often leading to discrimination
Addictive behaviours -
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Compulsive, repetitive actions, continued despite harmful consequences to physical health, mental well being, and social relationships
Addiction cycle -
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The repetitive pattern of behaviors and emotional states associated with addiction, often involving craving, use, and withdrawal
Behavioral change -
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The process of modifying or replacing harmful or undesired behaviors with healthier ones
Willpower -
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The inner strength and self control that individuals use to resist temptations, impulses, or distractions in order to achieve long term goals or adhere to their personal values
Accountability
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The state of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them
Parasocial relationship (PSR) -
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A one-sided psychological bond where a follower invests emotional energy into a media figure who is unaware of their existence
Herd mentality -
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The tendency for people's behavior or beliefs to conform to those of the group they belong to
Ripple effect -
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A situation in which one event produces effects which spread and produce further effects
Shift the blame onto sb -
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To make someone else responsible for something you should take responsibility for
Moral compass -
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A person's ability to judge what is right and wrong and act accordingly
Echo chamber -
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An environment where a person only encounters information or opinions that reflect and reinforce their own
Bear responsibility -
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To accept the blame or liability for a particular situation or action
Blindly follow -
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To support or obey someone without thinking critically about whether they are right or wrong
Incite behaviour -
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To strongly encourage or provoke people to act in a particular way, often aggressively or unlawfully
counterproductive -
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having the opposite effect than intended
to come to terms with -
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to accept a difficult situation or reality
alleviate -
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to make something less severe, especially pain or suffering
underlying issues -
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deeper problems that are not immediately obvious
embrace -
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to accept something willingly and openly
reframe -
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to change the way something is perceived or understood
facilitate -
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to make a process easier or help it happen
emotional regulation -
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the ability to manage and respond to emotions effectively
avoidance -
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the act of staying away from something difficult or unpleasant
distress -
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extreme anxiety, sadness, or emotional suffering
Defence mechanism -
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a psychological strategy used to cope with stress or difficult emotions
repression -
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the unconscious blocking of unpleasant thoughts or memories
denial -
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refusing to accept reality or facts
Coping strategy -
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a method a person uses to deal with stress or problems
Emotional suppression -
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consciously trying to hide or control emotions
Self awareness -
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understanding your own emotions and thoughts
Psychological well being -
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a person's mental and emotional health
Stress response -
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the body's reaction to pressure or danger
avoidance -
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trying to avoid difficult situations or feelings
resilience -
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the ability to recover from difficulties
public funding -
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money provided by the government
access to services -
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the ability to use or receive services
healthcare system -
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the organization of people and resources to deliver health services
social inequality -
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unfair differences between groups in society
preventive care -
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actions taken to prevent illness before it occurs
limited resources -
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not enough money or services available
public policy -
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Decisions and laws made by the government
waiting list -
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a list of people waiting for services
stigmatization -
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Treating someone unfairly because of characteristic
taxpayer burden -
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The financial pressure on citizens who pay taxes
therapeutic alliance -
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A professional relationship based on trust between a therapist and a patient
face to face interaction -
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Direct communication between people in the same place
emotional presence -
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The ability to give emotional attention and support to another person
psychological support -
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Help that improves a person's mental and emotional well being
emotional responsiveness -
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The ability to react appropriately to emotions
ethical concerns -
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Moral questions or problems connected with a situation
confidentiality -
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The protection of private information
data security -
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Protection of digital information from unauthorized access
accessibility -
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The quality of being easy to reach or use
hybrid therapy -
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A combination of online and traditional therapy methods
Social norms -
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Unwritten rules about acceptable behaviour in society
Conformity -
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Changing behaviour or opinions to fit a group
Prosocial behaviour -
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Actions intended to help other people or society
Societal harmony -
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A peaceful and cooperative state in society
Cooperation -
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Working together to achieve a common goal
Individuality -
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The qualities that make a person unique
Awareness -
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Knowledge or understanding of something
Influence -
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The power to affect people's behaviour or opinions
Behaviour -
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The way a person acts in different situations
Participation -
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Taking part in an activity or discussion
Cognitive overload -
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A state in which the brain receives too much information to process effectively
Divided attention -
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The ability to focus on more than one task or source of information at the same time
Task switching -
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Moving attention from one task to another instead of doing them simultaneously
Mental bandwidth -
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The amount of cognitive capacity available for thinking and problem solving
Reduced efficiency -
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Lower ability to complete tasks quickly and successfully
Sustained attention -
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The ability to stay focused on one task for a longer period of time
Performance impairment -
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A decline in how well someone performs a task
Cognitive fatigue -
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Mental tiredness caused by intense or prolonged thinking
Attentional resources -
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The limited mental resources used to focus and process information
Productivity illusion -
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The false belief that doing many tasks at once makes a person more productive
nature versus nurture -
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The debate about whether human traits are mainly shaped by genes or environment
genetic predisposition -
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A tendency to develop certain traits due to inherited genes
environmental influence -
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The effect of external factors such as upbringing, culture, and experiences
interactionist perspective -
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The view that genes and environment work together to shape development
heritability -
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The degree to which differences in a trait are explained by genetic factors
twin studies -
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Research comparing identical twins to separate genetic and environmental effects
gene expression -
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The process by which genes are activated and influenced by the environment
cognitive development -
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The growth of thinking, learning, and problem solving abilities
genetic potential -
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The natural level of ability a person can reach due to their genes
Flynn Effect -
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The observed rise in average IQ scores across generations
it in -
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To belong with other things, or to be accepted by other people in a group
Attention span -
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The period during which you can stay interested or listen carefully to something
Sensitive period -
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Specific time frames during development when external input plays a crucial role in shaping an organism according to environmental needs
Cognitive offloading -
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Physical action is sometimes used to reduce the cognitive demands of a task
Artificial Intelligence (AI) -
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The use or study of computer systems or machines that have some of the qualities that the human brain has
Outdated -
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old or oldfashioned and therefore not as good or as useful as something more modern or more recent
Literacy -
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The ability to read and write
Distraction -
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Something that prevents someone from giving their attention to something else
Sensory overload -
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Experiencing too much through their physical senses
Involvement -
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The act or process of taking part in something
pathologize -
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to view or treat a normal human behaviour or trait as a disorder
over diagnose -
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to diagnose a psychological or medical condition more frequently than is accurate or clinically necessary
clinical framework -
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a structured system or set of guidelines used by medical professionals to evaluate and classify conditions
maladaptive traits -
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patterns of behaviour or thinking that cause significant distress or prevent an individual from adapting to daily life
exist on a spectrum -
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to be part of a continuous range or scale where traits vary by degree rather than being divided into distinct categories
societal conformity -
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the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours to social norms or group expectations
psychological assessment -
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a structured evaluation process involving tests and interviews to understand a person's behavior and personality
diagnostic label -
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a specific medical or psychological term assigned to a patient to categorize their symptoms
dimensional approach -
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a method of classification based on measuring the severity of traits along a continuum, rather than using rigid categories
normal variations -
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standard and healthy differences in human behavior, temperament, or personality that fall within a typical range
character strengths -
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positive qualities that help people function well and achieve goals
mental well being -
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a person's emotional and psychological state of health
maladaptive behaviour -
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behaviour that creates problems or prevents effective functioning
positive psychology -
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a branch of psychology that studies human strengths and positive experiences
develop potential -
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to improve abilities and achieve possible growth
foster personal growth -
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to encourage development and self improvement
examine individual differences -
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to study how people differ from one another
develop coping strategies -
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to create methods for dealing with stress or difficulties
address mental health issues -
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to deal with or focus on psychological problems
conduct research -
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to study something carefully to discover new information
Genetic predisposition -
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An inherited tendency to develop a particular condition or disorder
Polygenic risk score -
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A numerical estimate of disease risk based on many genetic variants combined
Stigmatisation -
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The act of unfairly labelling someone as different or shameful-
Confidentiality -
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The ethical duty to keep personal medical information private
Informed consent -
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Permission given by a patient with full understanding of risks and consequences
Self fulfilling prophecy -
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A prediction that comes true partly because the person believes it will
Biological determinism -
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The belief that human behaviour is determined mainly by biological factors
Discrimination -
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Unfair treatment of a person based on a personal characteristic such as health status
Reductionism -
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Explaining complex phenomena by reducing them to their simplest components

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