English: bussiness fundmentals

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Debt
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an amount of money that you owe
dividend
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a share of the profits of a company, paid once or twice a year to the people who own the company's shares
equities
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company shares that can be bought and sold on a stock market
limited company
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a company whose owners are legally responsible for only a limited amount of its debts
mining
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the process of getting coal or metal from under the ground
propiertorship
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a bussines structure in which an individual and his/her company are considered a single entity for tax and liability puproses
public limited company
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a company which people can invest their money. It has 'plc' at the end of its name
real estate
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the bussiness of buying and selling land and property
retail
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the sale of goods directly to the public for their won use
share
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one of the equal parts of a company that you can buy as a way of investing money
sole trade
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a bussines structure in which an individual and his/her company are considered a single entity for tax and liability purposes
third-party
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adjective relating to a person or organization that is not one of the two main people or organisations involed in legal agreement or case
utility
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a public service such as gas, water or electricity
vendor
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a company or person that sells a particular product or service
bear market
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a situation in the stock market in which the prices of shares are falling
bond
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a document given to someone who invests money in a government or compant, promising to pay back the money with interest
bottom
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to rich the lowest point
breakeven
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the point at which a bussiness operation no longer loses money and can begin to make a profit
bull market
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a situation in the sotck market in hich the proces of shares are rising
euphoric
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adjective feeling extremely happy, usually for a short time only
greater fool investor
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an investor who buys at a high price beliving there will always be someone they can sell to at an even higher price
innovator
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someone who invents or being using new ideas, methods, equipment etd.
peak
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the time when something is at its highest or greatest level
plunge
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to fall quickly from a high position
recession
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a period when trade and industry are not successful and there is a lot of unemployment
staple
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an important product, especially a food, that people eat or use regularly
trough
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a period when something that rises and falls regularly is at a low level, especially economic activity
value investor
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an investor who buys sotcks they belive the market has undervalued
cost of goods sold
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an income statment figure which reflects the cost of obtaining the raw materials and of producting the finished goods that are sold to consumers
fixed cost
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cost such as rent that a company has to pay that does not depend on how much it produces
operating profit
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the profit that a company makes from its normal activities of selling goods or services
plot
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to mark points on a graph
recommended retail price
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the price at which a manufacturer of a product suggest it should be sold on the retail market
record label
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a company that produces records
royalty
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a payment that someone such as a writer or musican gets each time their work is sold or performed
sales revenue
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income earned from selling products or services
turnover
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the value of goods and services that a compay sells in a particular period of time
variable cost
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a cost that changes according to how much of a product is made
wholesaler
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someone whose job is to sell large quantities of goods to shop or small bussineses

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