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question		réponse
! commencer à apprendre		!
To initiate change commencer à apprendre		To start or commence a process of transformation or modification.
A change agent commencer à apprendre		An individual or group that leads or facilitates changes within an organization or system.
Change resistance commencer à apprendre		The reluctance or opposition to alterations, often encountered when implementing changes.
To implement change commencer à apprendre		To put into effect or carry out planned modifications or adjustments.
Cultural mindset commencer à apprendre		The shared attitudes, beliefs, and values that characterize a particular group or society.
To make gradual improvements commencer à apprendre		To enhance or refine something over time through incremental changes.
Restructuring commencer à apprendre		The process of reorganizing or rearranging the components or structure of an organization.
Redesigning commencer à apprendre		The act of modifying or altering the design or structure of something.
A complete overhaul commencer à apprendre		A thorough and comprehensive reconstruction or renovation.
A turnaround commencer à apprendre		A significant improvement or reversal of a situation, often applied to businesses or projects.
To be change averse having a preference for maintaining the status quo. commencer à apprendre		To resist or avoid changes
To adapt to change commencer à apprendre		To adjust and accommodate oneself to new or altered circumstances.
Reactions to change commencer à apprendre		Shock, denial, anger, acceptance, move forward. Different emotional responses that individuals may go through when faced with change.
To be resistant to (change) commencer à apprendre		To oppose or withstand alterations and modifications.
To mourn commencer à apprendre		To grieve or express sorrow, typically in response to loss or change.
To address the issue/problem commencer à apprendre		To confront or deal with a problem or challenge.
To think something through commencer à apprendre		To carefully consider or reflect on a matter before making a decision.
To bring somebody on board commencer à apprendre		To get someone to support or join a project, idea, or initiative.
To be on board with something commencer à apprendre		To be in agreement or supportive of a particular idea or plan.
The odds are good commencer à apprendre		There is a high probability or likelihood of success.
To make money by the scoopful commencer à apprendre		To earn a significant amount of money.
Complacency had set in commencer à apprendre		A state of self-satisfaction and unawareness of potential problems or dangers had developed.
Sales slipped commencer à apprendre		The volume of sales decreased or declined.
He resorted to an overhaul commencer à apprendre		He chose to undertake a comprehensive and thorough restructuring.
He scrapped TV advertising commencer à apprendre		He eliminated or abandoned television advertising.
To get the company back on track commencer à apprendre		To restore a company to a path of success or improvement.
A renewed emphasis on R&D commencer à apprendre		A revived focus on research and development.
Globalization may have subjected the company to stiffer competition commencer à apprendre		The company may face more intense competition due to globalization.
Swelling middle class commencer à apprendre		An increase in the size of the middle-income population.
An emblem commencer à apprendre		A symbol or representation that signifies something.
Stringent commencer à apprendre		Strict, precise, or rigorous.
To propagate something commencer à apprendre		To spread, promote, or transmit something, such as ideas or beliefs.
Posh commencer à apprendre		Elegant, stylish, or luxurious.
To fend off commencer à apprendre		To defend against or repel a threat or attack.
Stiff competition commencer à apprendre		Intense or strong competition.
To stagnate commencer à apprendre		To remain unchanged or make little progress.
Cost-cutting commencer à apprendre		The reduction of expenses or expenditures.
To reinforce commencer à apprendre		To strengthen or support.
To embark on something commencer à apprendre		To start or undertake a new project or journey.
To counteract a growing number of complaints commencer à apprendre		To take measures to offset or counter the increase in complaints.
To relocate a company/department commencer à apprendre		To move a company or a department to a different location.
To reconsider long-held beliefs commencer à apprendre		To review or rethink deeply ingrained beliefs.
To underestimate the impact of something commencer à apprendre		To miscalculate or undervalue the effect of something.
To track somebody/something down commencer à apprendre		To locate or find someone or something.
To backtrack commencer à apprendre		To retrace one's steps or reverse a decision.
To be on the right track commencer à apprendre		To be moving in the correct direction or making progress.
To keep track of something commencer à apprendre		To monitor or stay informed about something.
To lose track of something commencer à apprendre		To become unaware or lose information about something.
To fast track commencer à apprendre		To expedite or accelerate a process.
To cover one’s tracks commencer à apprendre		To conceal or hide evidence of one's actions.
A proven track record commencer à apprendre		A history of consistent and successful performance.
To be engrossed at work commencer à apprendre		To be deeply absorbed or immersed in work.
UNIT 4 commencer à apprendre		JEDNOSTKA 4
CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) commencer à apprendre		The ethical and social responsibility of a business to contribute positively to society, beyond its economic activities.
Code of conduct commencer à apprendre		A set of rules or guidelines that outline ethical standards and expected behavior for individuals or organizations.
Bribery commencer à apprendre		The act of offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting something of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in a position of power.
Bribe commencer à apprendre		A payment or gift given to someone to influence their actions or decisions.
Kickback commencer à apprendre		A form of bribery where a portion of the payment made is returned to the payer.
Sweetener commencer à apprendre		An inducement or bribe offered to someone to influence their behavior.
Backhander commencer à apprendre		A secret or indirect payment, especially a bribe.
Corruption commencer à apprendre		Dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery.
Corrupt commencer à apprendre		Involved in dishonest or illegal activities, especially involving bribery.
Wrongdoing actions that are morally or legally unacceptable. commencer à apprendre		Unethical or illegal behavior
Insider trading (insider dealing) commencer à apprendre		Trading securities based on material nonpublic information about the company.
Chinese wall commencer à apprendre		A barrier or division within a financial or legal firm to prevent conflicts of interest.
Price fixing commencer à apprendre		An agreement between competitors to set the prices of goods or services, eliminating competition.
Market rigging commencer à apprendre		Manipulating the market to create a false impression of supply, demand, or price.
Sleaze commencer à apprendre		Behavior characterized by immoral or unethical actions, often related to corruption or dishonesty.
Fraud commencer à apprendre		Deceptive practices intended to secure unfair or unlawful gain.
Fraudster commencer à apprendre		A person or entity engaged in fraudulent activities.
Fraudulent commencer à apprendre		Involving deceit or dishonesty, typically for financial gain.
Embezzlement commencer à apprendre		The misappropriation of funds entrusted to someone for personal use.
Counterfeiting commencer à apprendre		Producing imitation goods, typically with the intent to deceive or defraud.
Forgery commencer à apprendre		The act of producing fake or false documents or signatures.
Forger commencer à apprendre		A person who engages in the act of forgery.
Faking (luxury goods) commencer à apprendre		Producing counterfeit or imitation luxury goods.
A scam commencer à apprendre		A dishonest scheme or fraud.
Racketeering commencer à apprendre		Engaging in a dishonest or illegal business scheme.
Protection racket commencer à apprendre		A criminal activity where individuals or businesses are forced to pay for protection.
Money laundering commencer à apprendre		The process of concealing the origins of illegally obtained money.
Business ethics commencer à apprendre		The principles and standards that guide the conduct of individuals and organizations in the business world.
Ethical behavior commencer à apprendre		Conduct that adheres to moral principles and values.
Industrial espionage commencer à apprendre		The unauthorized acquisition of confidential information about a company's competitors.
Concealed cameras commencer à apprendre		Cameras hidden from view for surveillance or monitoring purposes.
Built-in obsolescence commencer à apprendre		Designing products with a limited lifespan to encourage repeat purchases.
Lobbying commencer à apprendre		The act of attempting to influence decisions made by officials or legislators.
Whistleblowing commencer à apprendre		The act of disclosing information about illegal or unethical activities within an organization.
To reveal confidential information commencer à apprendre		To disclose information that is meant to be kept secret.
Stakeholders vs shareholders commencer à apprendre		Stakeholders include all parties affected by a company's actions, while shareholders are specifically owners of the company.
Accountability commencer à apprendre		The responsibility to answer for one's actions or decisions.
Transparency commencer à apprendre		Openness and clarity in communication and decision-making processes.
Probity & integrity commencer à apprendre		Honesty, integrity, and adherence to moral principles.
Misconduct commencer à apprendre		Improper or unethical behavior.
To designate somebody to do something commencer à apprendre		To assign or appoint someone for a specific task or role.
To oversee CSR commencer à apprendre		To supervise or manage Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives.
Nepotism commencer à apprendre		Favoritism shown to family members in business or politics.
Regulatory bodies commencer à apprendre		Organizations responsible for creating and enforcing rules and regulations.
Corporate governance commencer à apprendre		The system of rules, practices, and processes by which a company is directed and controlled.
Empowerment commencer à apprendre		Granting authority or power to individuals or groups.
Best practice commencer à apprendre		The recognized and most effective way of doing something.
Stock options commencer à apprendre		A form of compensation that gives employees the right to buy company stock at a specified price.
Golden retirement commencer à apprendre		A retirement plan or package that provides substantial benefits to employees.
To bend the rules commencer à apprendre		To violate or circumvent established rules.
To be morally beyond reproach commencer à apprendre		To have an impeccable moral standing.
To advocate something commencer à apprendre		To publicly support or recommend a cause or idea.
To foster something commencer à apprendre		To promote the development or growth of something.
To undermine commencer à apprendre		To weaken or erode the foundation or trust in something.
To comply with commencer à apprendre		To conform to or adhere to rules, regulations, or standards.
To embody commencer à apprendre		To represent or express a particular quality or idea.
A custom commencer à apprendre		A traditional practice or behavior.
Insofar as commencer à apprendre		To the extent that.
To harm commencer à apprendre		To cause damage or injury.
Proponents commencer à apprendre		Supporters or advocates of a particular cause or idea.
To avoid pollution commencer à apprendre		To prevent or refrain from causing environmental pollution.
To conduct business/classes/research/tests/business operations commencer à apprendre		To carry out or perform various activities related to business, education, research, or testing.
To make expenditures/money/profits/loss commencer à apprendre		To spend money, earn profits, or incur losses.
To maximize profits commencer à apprendre		To optimize or achieve the highest possible financial gain.
To provide employment commencer à apprendre		To offer job opportunities.
To expose a company to negative publicity commencer à apprendre		To subject a company to unfavorable public attention.
Listening1 (tapescript p 166) commencer à apprendre		Refers to an audio recording or transcript associated with a listening exercise on page 166.
To trace the beginnings of CSR to some specific events commencer à apprendre		To identify the origin or starting point of Corporate Social Responsibility.
A silver lining commencer à apprendre		A positive aspect or outcome in a seemingly negative situation.
A gas leak commencer à apprendre		The unintentional release of gas.
To inhale toxic gases commencer à apprendre		To breathe in harmful or poisonous gases.
To put your company/reputation at risk commencer à apprendre		To jeopardize the well-being or standing of a company or reputation.
An operational business commencer à apprendre		A business that is actively functioning.
A settlement commencer à apprendre		An agreement resolving a dispute.
A compensation payment commencer à apprendre		A monetary payment to compensate for losses or damages.
A court hearing commencer à apprendre		A legal proceeding held in court.
The aftermath commencer à apprendre		The consequences or results of an event.
To go aground commencer à apprendre		To run a ship onto the shore or into shallow waters.
To make a living commencer à apprendre		To earn a livelihood.
Text p 41 commencer à apprendre		Refers to a specific page (page 41) in a text or book.
Triple bottom line commencer à apprendre		An approach that evaluates a company's performance based on economic, social, and environmental factors.
Do-gooding commencer à apprendre		Engaging in actions or activities intended to benefit others.
A sideshow commencer à apprendre		A minor or secondary event or activity.
To glory in something commencer à apprendre		To take great pride or pleasure in something.
Convoluted commencer à apprendre		Complicated or intricate.
To struggle commencer à apprendre		To make a strenuous effort to achieve something.
Corporate philanthropy commencer à apprendre		The act of businesses donating money or resources to charitable causes.
To allocate money to something commencer à apprendre		To assign or distribute funds to a specific purpose.
Belatedly commencer à apprendre		Occurring later than expected or desired.
Codes of conduct commencer à apprendre		Sets of rules or guidelines defining ethical behavior.
Competitive advantage/edge commencer à apprendre		A unique advantage that allows a company to outperform its competitors.
Window-dressing commencer à apprendre		Superficial changes made to improve the appearance of something without addressing underlying issues.
Positively harmful commencer à apprendre		Causing harm or damage.
Virtue commencer à apprendre		Moral excellence or righteousness.
Myriad commencer à apprendre		A large number or variety.
Misbehavior commencer à apprendre		Improper or unacceptable behavior.
To make the commitment commencer à apprendre		To pledge or promise to do something.
NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) commencer à apprendre		Organizations that are independent of government control and operate for social, environmental, or humanitarian purposes.
A driver of growth commencer à apprendre		Something that stimulates or fuels economic or business expansion.
Oil spill commencer à apprendre		The accidental release of oil into the environment, often occurring in bodies of water and causing environmental damage.
To come under attack commencer à apprendre		To be subjected to criticism, opposition, or negative actions.
A blow to the reputation commencer à apprendre		A negative impact on one's standing or image, typically caused by damaging actions or events.
To get ahead of the game commencer à apprendre		To be proactive and stay ahead of competitors or challenges.
To take a serious look at something commencer à apprendre		To carefully and thoroughly examine or consider something.
Sustainable development commencer à apprendre		Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Citizenship commencer à apprendre		The status or condition of being a citizen, involving rights, duties, and responsibilities within a community or nation.
Carbon neutral commencer à apprendre		Achieving a balance between the amount of greenhouse gases emitted and the amount removed from the atmosphere.
To boom commencer à apprendre		To experience rapid and significant growth or success.
Increasingly commencer à apprendre		Gradually or progressively growing in frequency or intensity.
To do battle with commencer à apprendre		To engage in a struggle or fight against something.
To be made up of to be composed of. commencer à apprendre		To consist of
To be put to good use commencer à apprendre		To be utilized effectively or for a positive purpose.
To shape opinion commencer à apprendre		To influence or mold public perception or beliefs.
Whitewashing commencer à apprendre		Attempting to conceal or gloss over wrongdoing or faults.
Greenwashing commencer à apprendre		Conveying a false impression of environmental responsibility to deceive the public.
To tout commencer à apprendre		To promote or publicize aggressively.
To minimize environmental impact commencer à apprendre		To reduce the negative effects on the environment.
A sliver of something commencer à apprendre		A small, thin piece or portion of something.
To be done on the heels of something commencer à apprendre		To follow closely in time or sequence.
A recurrence commencer à apprendre		The repeated occurrence of an event or phenomenon.
To make the grade commencer à apprendre		To meet a standard or expectation.
Allegations commencer à apprendre		Claims or accusations that have not been proven.
To subscribe to something commencer à apprendre		To support or adopt a particular belief or idea.
To wreak havoc commencer à apprendre		To cause widespread and severe destruction or chaos.
To be alerted commencer à apprendre		To be notified or made aware of something.
To recall a product commencer à apprendre		To withdraw a product from the market due to safety concerns or defects.
Stringent (tests/regulations) commencer à apprendre		Strict or rigorous in terms of requirements or standards.
Intact (reputation) commencer à apprendre		Unharmed or undamaged, particularly in relation to one's reputation.
The word on the street is commencer à apprendre		Common talk or rumors circulating in a community or society.
Rumours commencer à apprendre		Unverified information or gossip.
Unforeseeable commencer à apprendre		Impossible to predict or anticipate.
A batch of products commencer à apprendre		A quantity of products produced or processed together.
To withdraw a product commencer à apprendre		To remove a product from circulation or sale.
Listening2 (tapescript p 167) commencer à apprendre		Refers to an audio recording or transcript associated with a listening exercise on page 167.
Scrutiny commencer à apprendre		Close examination or inspection.
To be on one’s guard commencer à apprendre		To be cautious or vigilant.
To be at risk commencer à apprendre		To be in a situation where harm or danger is possible.
To be untoward commencer à apprendre		Unfavorable or unexpected.
Alacrity commencer à apprendre		Quick and cheerful readiness or willingness.
Strategic commencer à apprendre		Pertaining to the formulation and implementation of a plan of action to achieve a specific goal
Relevant to your business commencer à apprendre		Connected or applicable to your business operations
A scatter-gun approach commencer à apprendre		A haphazard or indiscriminate method
To go under (to go out of business) commencer à apprendre		To cease operating, especially due to financial failure
To be liable to happen commencer à apprendre		Prone or susceptible to occurring
To anticipate commencer à apprendre		To foresee or expect something
To evolve commencer à apprendre		To develop or undergo gradual change
To come under a lot of pressure commencer à apprendre		To face intense scrutiny or demands
To deliberately ignore CSR commencer à apprendre		To intentionally disregard Corporate Social Responsibility
‘Gekko unfriendly’ vocabulary commencer à apprendre		Terms or expressions that may be disapproved of by Gordon Gekko, a fictional character known for unethical business practices
Sustainable materials commencer à apprendre		Materials that are environmentally friendly and have a minimal impact on ecosystems
Solar panels commencer à apprendre		Devices that convert sunlight into electricity
Green credentials commencer à apprendre		A company's environmental accomplishments or commitments
Publicity commencer à apprendre		Public attention or coverage
To uncover evidence commencer à apprendre		To reveal or discover proof or information
To pick up on (the story) commencer à apprendre		To become aware of or resume discussion of a topic
State-of-the-art technology commencer à apprendre		Cutting-edge or the latest technology
A blueprint commencer à apprendre		A detailed plan or design
To go on the offensive commencer à apprendre		To take aggressive action
To play something down commencer à apprendre		To minimize or downplay the significance of something
To liaise with someone commencer à apprendre		To establish a connection or coordinate with someone
To run the risk of commencer à apprendre		To expose oneself to the possibility of experiencing something negative
A smokescreen commencer à apprendre		A deceptive action or statement intended to distract or disguise the truth
To sidestep an issue commencer à apprendre		To avoid addressing or confronting an issue directly
To pay lip service to something commencer à apprendre		To express support for something verbally without genuine commitment
Tokenistic commencer à apprendre		Relating to actions or gestures that are merely symbolic or superficial
Tokenism commencer à apprendre		The practice of making only a symbolic effort to include a particular group
To expose the fraud commencer à apprendre		To reveal or bring attention to fraudulent activities
To impose CSR on someone commencer à apprendre		To enforce or require Corporate Social Responsibility
To deliver on a promise commencer à apprendre		To fulfill or keep a commitment
To implement (a CSR program) commencer à apprendre		To put into effect or carry out a Corporate Social Responsibility program
Offshoring commencer à apprendre		The practice of moving business operations to another country
Merely just commencer à apprendre		Only without any additional value
Eco-efficiency commencer à apprendre		Maximizing resource efficiency while minimizing environmental impact
Corporate philanthropy commencer à apprendre		The act of businesses donating money or resources to charitable causes
Cause-related marketing commencer à apprendre		A strategy where a company aligns its brand with a particular social or environmental cause
A good cause commencer à apprendre		A noble or worthy purpose
To offset negative impact commencer à apprendre		To counterbalance or neutralize the adverse effects of something
To put a numerical value on something commencer à apprendre		To assign a quantitative measure to something
To be an expert on something commencer à apprendre		To have extensive knowledge or skill in a particular area
Community investment commencer à apprendre		Allocating resources to benefit the community
To be inherently destructive commencer à apprendre		Having an innate tendency to cause harm or damage
To be genuinely committed to (CSR) commencer à apprendre		To be sincerely dedicated to Corporate Social Responsibility
To make a commitment to something commencer à apprendre		To pledge or promise to support or engage in something
To donate to charity commencer à apprendre		To give money or resources to charitable organizations
High-profile commencer à apprendre		Receiving a lot of public attention or being well-known
To enhance reputation commencer à apprendre		To improve or strengthen one's public image
To be easily dismissed commencer à apprendre		To be casually disregarded or overlooked
External verifiers commencer à apprendre		Independent entities that assess and confirm the accuracy of information or compliance with standards
To place something at the forefront commencer à apprendre		To prioritize or emphasize something
In the vicinity of commencer à apprendre		Near or close to
Code of Conduct commencer à apprendre		A set of rules or guidelines defining ethical behavior
Memorandum of Understanding commencer à apprendre		A formal agreement outlining the terms and details of a relationship or partnership
A midwife commencer à apprendre		A person trained to assist women in childbirth
An outreach commencer à apprendre		An effort to provide services or support to a community or group outside the organization
Explicit statements commencer à apprendre		Clear and specific declarations
To coin a word commencer à apprendre		To create and introduce a new word or phrase.

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