Angielski kolos

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zielny
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herbaceous
środek terapeutyczny
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therapeutic agent
wilgotne miejsca
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moist regions
melisa
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lemon balm
pokrzywa
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urticaria
tymianek
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thyme
odżywione
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nourished
What are the functions of the stem?
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The functions of the stem are to support assimilating tissues and conduct water, mineral soils and the products of photosynthesis
What are annual plants?
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Annual plants are plants that live for a single season.
What are biennial plants?
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Biennial plants are plants that live for two seasons.
What are perennial plants?
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Perennial plants are plants that live for a great number of years, storing food for winter and growing in spring.
What are medicinal plants?
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Medicinal plants are plants which have medicinal properties and are used as a source of natural drugs.
What are the differences between herbs and shrubs?
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Herbs are plants that produce no permanent shoot systems above the ground. They die to the ground level usually in the winter. A shrub has hard, woody permanent shoot system.
What is tachycardia?
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Abnormally rapid heart rate.
What is the function of root system?
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The function of root system is to anchor and absorb water and mineral salts from the soil.
What is the function of shoot system?
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The function of shoot system is to exchange gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the cells and their external environment and to catch as much light energy as possible.
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axis
gleba
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soil
mózg
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cerebrum
najwyżej położony
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uppermost
jelita
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bowels
obręcz barkowa
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shoulder girdle
The 4 cavities of the body are:
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Cranial cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.
podstawowy
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essential
naczynia włosowate
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hair-like blood vessels/ capillaries
What limbs are composed of?
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The upper limbs are composed of the arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand with four fingers and one thumb. The lower limbs are composed of the thigh, knee, calf, and foot with toes.
przepona
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diaphragm
oddzielony
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separated by
podawany
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administered
What is the function of the pulmonary system?
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The function of the pulmonary system is distribution of gases round the body, water exporation and heat regulation.
nagłośnia
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epiglottis
napłucna
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pleura
Describe inspiration
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The thorax moves up, the intercostal muscles and diaphram contracts, the air passes into the nasal cavity, then to the pharynx, larynx, trachea to alveoli. There the oxygen from the air diffuses to the blood, which transport the oxygen to all tissues.
górna
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superior
dolna
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inferior
vena cava inferior
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żyła główna dolna
vena cava superior
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żyła główna górna
żyłka
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venule
tętniczka
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arteriole
Wymień typy krążenia
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Systemic circulation, pulmonary circulation, coronary circulation and portal circulation.
natlenowana
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oxygenated
odtlenowana
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deoxygenated
ponownie natlenowana
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re-oxygenated
podane
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administered
przedni
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anterior
tylny
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posterior
What are the components of the circulatory system?
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The heart and the blood vessels: aorta, arteries, arterioles, vena cava interior, vena cava superior, venules and capillaries.
What does the systemic circulation supplies?
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It supplies the oxygenated blood to the whole body except the lungs.
What does the pulmonary circulation supplies?
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It supplies the blood to the lungs for re-oxygenation.
What does the coronary circulation supplies?
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It supplies the heart with food and oxygen.
gruczoły ślinowe
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salivary glands
pęcherzyk żółciowy
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gall bladder
żółć
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bile
wyrostek robaczkowy
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vermiform appendix
okrężnica
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colon
kątnica
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caecum
jelito kręte
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ileum
jelito czcze
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jejunem
dwunastnica
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duodeum
odźwiernik
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pylorus
zwieracz odźwiernik
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pyloric sphincter
kał
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feaces
leki o opóźnionym uwalnianiu
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delayed release drugs
lek o przedłużonym uwalnianiu
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sustained-release medicines
leki podane doodbytniczo
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drugs administered rectally
tabletki dojelitowe
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entericcoated tablets
Describe digestion
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bla bla
What is the function of the urinary system?
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The function of the urinary system is to secrete and eliminate the liquid waste products of metabolism.
mocz
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urine
mocznik
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urea
mocznica
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uraemia
mikcja
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urination/passing urine
moczowód
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urether
cewka moczowa
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urethra
kręgosłup
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spinal column/spine/vertebral column
rdzeń kręgowy
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spinal cord
nadmiar
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excess
ilość
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quantity
gruczoł nadnerczy
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adrenal gland
cortex
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kora nerki
miedniczka nerkowa
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pelvis
rdzeń nerki
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medulla
zatoka nerkowa
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sinus of kidney
żyła nerkowa
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sinus of kidney
torebka
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capsule
zwinięta rurka
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coiled tube
kanalik nerkowy
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renal tubule
torebka Bowmana
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Bowman's capsule
bezmocz
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anuria
bolesne oddawanie moczu
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dysuria
krwiomocz
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haematuria
nietrzymanie moczu
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incontinence
nadmierne oddawanie moczu
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poliuria
obrzęk
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oedema
ropomocz
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pyuria
skąpomocz
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oliguria
What are the main parts of the kidney?
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calyx, medulla, cortex, pelvis.
What is the cortex?
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An outer layer of the kidney.
What is the medulla?
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The inner portion of the kidney, made up of nephrons.
What is the urinary bladder?
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A muscular sack in which the urine is stored before it is eliminated from the body.
Describe filtration
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bla bla
wirusowy
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viral
bakteryjny
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bacterial
grypa
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influenza
migdałki
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tonsills
zatoki
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sinus
katar sienny
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hay fever
chrypka
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hoarseness
krwioplucie
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haemoptysis
błony śluzowe
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mucosa
sinica
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cyanosis
wrodzony
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cangenital
nabyty
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acquired
Warstwy serca:
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pericardium, myocardium, endocardium
osierdzie
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pericardium
mięsień serca
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myocardium
wsierdzie
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endocardium
niewydolność
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insufficiency
zawał serca
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heart infarct
duszność
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dyspnoea
spowolniona praca serca
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bradycardia
wrzód trawienny
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peptic ulcers
nudności
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nausea
wymioty
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vomiting
ból brzucha
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abdominal pain
zaparcia
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constipation
krew w stolcu
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melaena
czkawka
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hiccup
zgaga
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heartburn
AIDS
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
HIV
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human immunodeficiency virus
What are the diseases of the respiratory system?
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Influenza, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever and neoplasms.
What is pharyngitis?
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Inflammation of the pharynx
What is bronchitis?
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Inflammation of the bronchi
What is pneumonia?
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Inflammation of the lungs
What is tonsillitis?
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Inflammation of the tonsils
What are the symptoms of respiratory system diseases?
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sore throat, fever, cough, hoarseness, chest pain, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, haemoptysis and cyanosis.
What is dyspnoea?
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Difficulty in breathing
What is tachypnoea?
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Rapid breathing.
What is haemoptysis?
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Coughing up blood
What is cyanosis?
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Bluish colour of the skin and the mucosa.
What are diseases of circulatory system?
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Congenital heart disorders (corrected surgically in the early childhood)/ aquired cardiovascular diseases.
What are acquired diseases?
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angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart infarct
What is angina pectoris?
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caused by insufficiency of coronary arteries
What is atherosclerosis?
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Development of fatty plaques on the inner arterial walls
What is hypertension?
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High blood pressure
What is heart infarct?
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It's caused by obstruction of the blood flow in the coronary artery.
What is dyspnoea?
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Shortness of breath
What is ankle oedema?
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Swelling of the ankles
What is tachycardia?
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Rapid heartbeat
What are the symptoms of the pulmonary system diseases?
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Dyspnoea, ankle oedema, tachycardia, bradycardia, weakness, cyanosis
What are the diseases of the digestive system?
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Gastritis, hepatitis, enteritis, gastroenteritis, cancer, peptic ulcers.
What is gastritis?
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Inflammation of the stomach
What is hepatitis?
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Liver inflammation
What is enteritis?
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Inflammation of the intestines
What is gastroenteritis?
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Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
What are the symptoms of the digestive system diseases?
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Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea and constipation.
What is anorexia?
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Lack of appetite
What is nausea?
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Feeling sick
What is diarrhoea?
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Frequent, loose bowel motions
What is constipation?
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Rare bowel motions
What are the diseases of the urinary system?
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Mainly infections, such as nephritis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, kidney stones and tumour.
What is nephritis?
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Inflammation of the kidneys
What is glomerulonephritis?
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Inflammation of the glomeruli
What is cystitis?
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Inflammation of the bladder
What is urethritis?
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Inflammation of the urethra
What are the symptoms od the urinary system diseases?
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Painful urination, frequent urination, backache, haematuria, anuria.
What is haematuria?
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Blood in the urine
What is anuria?
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Lack of urination
What are nervous system diseases?
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Traumatic (head injury or spinal cord injury)/degenerative (multiple sclerosis)/infective (meningitis)/ cerebral abscess/neoplastic (meningioma or brain tumour)
What is meningitis?
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Inflammation of brain membranes)
What is neuritis?
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Nerve inflammation
What are the symptoms of the nervous system diseases?
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Acute headache, migraine, vomiting, dizziness, paralysis, depression and dementia.

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