6b

time machine

a machine to travel through time.

buttons

A remote control has buttons

tight

jammed; e.g. sardines are tightly packed.

compartment

a small room usually used for storage.

deck

the plataform of the ship.

caught

today - Catch, yesterday - Caught.

line of fire

at the front of a battalion on the battlefield.

do without

in this case it means survive without.

Western Hemisphere

USA, Mexico and Canada.

Eskimos

Native Americans from the far north west.

hunting

the action of looking for something in order to kill.

preyed

to hunt and eat in order to survive.

wolves

one wolf, many wolves

foxes

an animal

environment

Ambience, surroundings.

thick

opposite of thin, much more concentrate.

veins

a vessel that transports blood to the heart.

climates

the weather.

bitter

extremely. Hard to bear.

scarce

insufficent.

instead

in place of the one mentioned.

harmony

agreement.

nature

every natural thing is part of nature.

canoes

a boat

fishing

catching fish

beavers

castors

eagles

an animal

totem pole

a pole with carved figures.

deeds

actions.

intermountain

between mountains.

lack

Absence.

indigenous

existing or growing naturally in a region

search

to look for.

survive

to continue living.

due to

because of.

farm

Old Mc Donals had a farm.

desert

Sahara is a desert.

sun-dired

that dry with the sun.

brick

what is used to bild a wall.

developed

improved or advanced.

irrigate

to provide water using canals.

hunters

people who hunt

hills

baby mountains

so that

similiar to because.

melted

change from solid to liquid.

higer ground

up the hill.

foundation

basis.

sod

a layer or dirt that includes grass and roots.

roof

the top part of a house.

staple

the main or principal food.

ruled

governed or controlled.

council

a group meeting.

comunication skills

the ability to express ideas verbally.

guide

to lead, or direct.

fertile

productive, able to generate.

species

scientific classification of distinct kinds of living things.

rainfall

the amount of rain in an area.

among

similar to between, but used when there are 3 or more.

mulberries

berries

bison

similar to bufalo.

resources

source of supply

staying alive

surviving.

honesty

truthfulness. Trustworthiness.

roots

family history.

traced

recearch or investigated.

Middles Ages

between ancient and modern times.

Vikings

people

Europeans

people from Europe.

crew

the group that works through the tenth century.

sailors

Pop eye the sailor.

aboard

to be on a plane, ship or bus.

maritime vessels

sea vehicles.

outcome

the result.

voyage

a trip

reach

arrive to.

empire

an area controlled by a king.

colony

a settlement.

charter

a lagal document giving authorization.

authorizing

approving, allowing, permitting.

colonizers

settlers; pioneers.

merciless

mean, cruel.

unforgiving

that doesn't pardon.

accumulated

collected.

neglected

when something doesn't get enough attention.

disease

malaria is a disease.

set sail

began their voyage.

freedom

the condition of being free; liberty.

worship

the honor their God.

persecuted

oppressed.

creed

belief

Netherlands

a country in Western Europe.

freely

in a free way.

identity

the origin, nature, or definitive characteristics of.

diminidhing

reducing or becoming smaller.

Dutch

the lenguage of the Netherlads.

blew

demostrate

leakes

water coming in

discomfort

when you have a toothache you feel discomfort.

landed

when the ship reaches the beach

Plymouth Rock

the place where the pilgrims landed in the New World.

Cape Cod

a peninsula in the Massachusetts coast.

settlement

the first little town.

sailed

navigated.

wild game

animals that are hunted

quail

an edible bird.

rather

quite, a little.

harsh

difficult.

inadequate

not adequate.

damp

moist, a little wet, humid.

hardships

poverty, adversities.

inns

small hotels.

entertain

to amuse, divert, or give enjoyment to.

weather beaten

worn out by the weather.

off course

a little lost.

added to

intensified; increased.

survive off of

to live on

made it

arrived.

force

powerful, strong.

gain

to obtain gradually.

bloody

a lot of blood.

battle

a combat between two or more armies.

casualities

the total numbers of people dead, wonded or injure during a war.

in debt

owing something or money to someone.

Parliament

a legislative assembly, similar to a congress.

repay

to pay back something.

tax

to charge extra.

wills

a testament.

almanacs

an annual publication that includes information about the wather, planting dates, etc.

molasses

thick dark syrup made when refrining sugar.

reacted

responded.

riots

a violent protest.

bunch

a group.

overboard

off the ship and into the ocean.

merchants

shopkeepers.

pressure

to demand or require.

warehouses

large buildings used for storage.

stuked

held in reserve, Had a lot of supplies.

pounds

an american unit of masure of weight.

lowering

reducing.

purchase

buy.

backfired

un unexpected or unwanted result.

trade

business or commerce.

trick

deceive.

loaded

filled, packed.

chests

big boxes or craters for storage.

jettisoned

to throw overboard, or off the ship to make it lighter.

cut out

eliminate.

meanwhile

at the same time.

volunteers

people who assist or help voluntarily.

minutemen

people who were ready to fight at a minute's notice.

trained

taught to do something.

scouts

the soldiersthat go ahead first, to check things out.

reconnaissance / missions

a mission to obtain information of an area or enemy.

supply

to give or provide what is needed.

arms

weapons.

troops

soldiers.

seize

to take by force.

Sons of Liberty

a special organization in the U.S.

steeple

the bell tower of a church.

signal

a flag or light that gives warning.

mounted

to get on.

heroic

being courageous or a hero.

bravery

courage, valor.

fronts

different areas where bettles were taking place.

throughout

for all the duration of.

balttlefield

the area where a combat take places.

Treaty of Paris

an agreement that ended the revolutionary war.

singning

to write your name or signature on a legal document.

solemn

serious.

unalienable

unseparable.

pursuit

search.

consent

to give approval.

goberned

controlled or directed.

loyalty

to be faithful to friends or to your country.

strike back

to fight back, to retaliate.

ups and downs

good times and bad times.

turning point

the point or time of change.

throw off

to send out of power. To topple.

bondage

the condition of a slave.

slavery

the condition of being a slave.

deprived

when you can't get something you need.

held

had.

slave raiding

stealing slaves from one another.

insolvent

unable to pay a debt.

debtors

people who owe money.

kidnapping

to take a child or a person by force.

useful

something that can be used.

hard labor

hard work.

gloomy

dark, dim, sad.

cell

a small room in prison.

slaughtered

killed in large numbers, massacred.

shipping

sending things by boat, plane, train, etc.

havests

the process of collecting things grown.

tidewater

a region of plantations.

proved

demonstrate.

unsuccessful

not obtaining what or need.

cooperative

one who cooperates.

elsewhere

in another or different place.

profitable

able to make money.

surroundings

the things or places around you.

lucrative

producing wealth or profitable

barter

to trade without using money.

reach back

referring to or talking about time in the past.

raids

a surprise attack by small armed force.

guns

a pistol is a gun.

holds

comparments on a ship.

below deck

in the bottom part of a ship.

crammed

very crowded.

unheard of

something new.

rebellion

a small revolution.

fed

to give to eat.

shark

an animal

infested

plagued.

journey

a long trip.

nightmares

bad or sacary dreams you have when sleeping that wake you up.

treated

today-treat, yesterday-treated.

chattel

an article of movable personal property.

healthy

having good health.

sunrise

the time the sun comes up.

sunset

the time the sun goes down.

tutors

private teachers.

duties

obligations.

humility

being modest.

trauma

an emotional wound or shock that creates subtantial, lasting damage to a person.

bothered

that took the time to do something.

stretching out

to estend your legs and arms when you are tired.

weren't over

were not finished.

in order to

to be able to.

turmoil

confusion.

underlying

basic, lying at the roots of foundation.

performed

donde.

allegiance

loyalty, fidelity, faithfulness.

shared

common.

issue

a subject or topic under dispute.

banned

prohibited, forbidden.

average

the usual or ordinary kind or quality.

headlines

very important news.

acquired

obtained, gotten.

claiming

stating or saying.

ground

on the basis.

court

a group of people who decide the destiny an accused criminal.

concluded

today-conclude, yesterday-concluded. To make a conclusion.

unconstitutional

against the laws of the government.

condemned

sentended.

applauded

to express approval, especially by clapping the hands.

coexist

existing together.

Union

the states of the north.

Abraham's Lincoln

the 13th president of the USA.

secession

the condition of dropping out, or leaving.

meant

intented.

secede

to leave or to drop out.

Southern

of the south.

seceded

today-secede, yesterday-seceded. Left.

printed

constiyuting printed publications.

stars and bars

the flag that the Confederate states adopted.

to file a lawsuit

to bring legal action against someone.

bring suit

another way to express "to file a lawsuit".

West Point

the U.S. military academy.

excessive

too much. Extreme.

hindered

slowed down.

office

in this case it maners the Presicency.

patient

to have patience. To be calm.

planner

a person who makes plans in advance.

Confederate

the name given to the southerm states.

strategic point

a very important area.

commander

a leader.

surrender

give up.

ammunition

weapons supplies, bullets, gunpowder, etc.

injured

wonder or hurt.

despite

in spite of.

withstood

resist, tolerate

charge

attack

tenacity

the quality or state of being persistent

weapons

something (such as a club, knife, or gun) used to injure, defeat, or destroy

fled

to run away often from danger or evil: fly The family fled from the war-torn zone.

Yankees

a native or inhabitant of the northern U.S.

Navy

a nation's ships of war and of logistic support

naval

of or relating to a navy

steam power

using steam prime movers to drive electric generating apparatus

screw propeller

one that propels; especially: a device that consists of a central hub with radiating blades placed and twisted so that each forms part of a helical surface and that is used to propel a vehicle (such as a ship or airplane)

rifled ordnance

military supplies including weapons, ammunition

ironclad

so firm or secure as to be unbreakable

formerly

at an earlier time: previously

armored coatings

so firm or secure as to be unbreakable

child's play

an extremely simple task or act

on the other hand

used to introduce statements that describe two different or opposite ideas, people, etc.

as time went by

as time passed by

wear out

tire, exhaust

running out

to come to an end: expire

Drive

Attack

Engaged

To confront

Vicious

Evil

Fortunate

Luckly

Shrinking

Getting smaller

trapped

Today "trap"

Appomattox Courthouse

A town in Virginia where the Civil War ended

Handing

Giving

Soldier

A person that belongs to the militia

Dignity

Having pride. Self-respect.

Restored

Repaired.

Painful

With a lot of pain.

President´s box

The special area at a theater used by the President.

imminent

About to happen

agonized

To suffer with a lot of pain

onto

To go from one place to another from higher position

stage

The place in a theater where actors perform.

mourned

The period of sadness after death.

inaugurated

To open with a ceremony

measures

Actions

reuniting

Bringing together again.

snuck into

Advanced secretly

point blank

At a very closed distance.

death toll

The total number of dead people after a war.

meager

a small amount; deficient in quantity.

absurd

ridiculous.

desolate

lonely, empty.

worthless

having no value.

yellow fever

a disease caused by the bite of an infected mosquito.

malaria

a disease caused by the bite of an infected mosquito.

superpower

a powerful and influential nation.

working force

people who work together.

affairs

business; Interests.

selfish

egotistic; To think about personal interests.

Austria Hungary

a formerly dual monarchy of Central Europe.

Bulgaria

a country in the southeastern Europe.

Ottoman Empire

the present day country of Turkey.

sunk

today-sink, yesterday-sank, s. yesterday-sunk; to submerge.

Versailles treaty

an agreement with Germany after Word War I.

relinquish

to give up, to surrender.

turn of the century

the change from one century to a new one.

dragged on

continued for some time.

broke out

erupted, started, began.

turned the table

to change from one weak position to a strong one.

Geat Depression

the fall of the stock market.

era

a period of time.

reform

a change.

tranquility

peaceful.

decade

a period of 10 years.

roaring twenties

a period of prosperity in the 1920's.

stock market

Wall Street.

overproduction

to produce more than what is necessary.

failures

not reaching or achieving the desired things or goals.

hiatus

a temporary break.

resolutions

a firm determination.

ditactors

absolute rulers.

invaded

entered by force to conquer.

declared

said or stated.

spread

exxtended out, stretched.

compriser

consisted of, composed of.

neutral

not favoring anyone in a war.

Pearl Harbor

the port in Hawaii where the Japanese attacked the United States.

damaged

partially destroyed.

Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (32nd President of the U. S. A.)

infamy

dishonor

shocked

super surprised

launched

initiated, started.

D-Day

an unnamed day for the beginning of a conflict.

Dwight D. Elsenhower

a commander of U.S. armed forces.

courageously

with a lot of courage.

Champ Elysess

a important avenue in Paris.

to turn the tide

to change the ways things were going.

kicked into

started, initiated.

Stroke

A loss of brain function

Footsteps

The tradition

Bomb

The atomic bomb

Enola Gay

Name of an airplane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima

Doomed

Destined

Radiation

Effects of an atomic bomb

Unconditionally

Making no exceptions or conditions

Camps

Places where the Germans kept the prisoners and Jews

Jews

A person whose religion is Judaism

The Holocaust

The name given to the murder of 6,000,000 Jews

Massive

Great numbers of people

The Cold War

A period of time of great tension among nations.

Edge

At the limits of

Sheriff

The law

Opposing

The resistance

Confront

To face

Arms race

The competition of weaponry among nations

Space race

The competition of special technology among nations

Ronald Reagan

The 40 th President of the U.S.A

Dissolved

To cause to disappear

Wiping out

Destroyinh totally

Came to light

That became known among many people

Looked upon

Seen as

The Cuban Missile Crisis

An incident in Cuba among U.S. A, Russia and Cuba

President George H. W. Bush

The 41 st president of the U.S.A

The Middle East

the countries of northern Africa and southwestern Asia that are on or near the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea: the Near East

Iraq

country in southwestern Asia in Mesopotamia that has a small border on the Persian Gulf

Kuwait

country in southwestern Asia in Arabia at the head of the Persian Gulf

Ally

to unite or form a connection or relation between: associate

Saudi Arabia

country in southwestern Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf and occupying most of Arabia

United Nations

political organization established in 1945

Persian Gulf War

The Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991

Security Council

a permanent council of the United Nations with primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security

Deadline

a date or time before which something must be done

Troops

Troops

Coalition

a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action A multiparty coalition ruled the country.

Operation Desert Storm

17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991

Expelled

to force out: eject

Iraqi

country in southwestern Asia in Mesopotamia that has a small border on the Persian Gulf

Withdrew

to take back or away: remove

Budget crisis

Budget Deficit

Boomed

to experience a sudden rapid growth and expansion usually with an increase in prices

Cruise missile

a guided missile that has a terrain-following radar system and that flies at moderate speed and low altitude

Violation

disturbance, interruption

Al-Qaeda

an organization

terrorists

the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion

Hijacked

to steal by stopping a vehicle

Twin Towers

On September 11th 2001 the Twin Towers were both destroyed in another terrorist attack.

The Pentagon

the building in Washington, D.C., that is the headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense. 2 : the leaders of the U.S. military.

Injuring

to give pain to

Osama Bin Laden

An Islamic terrorist and the head of the Al Qaeda network of terrorists.

Claimed

to ask for especially as a right

The Fall

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

Tax cut

to reduce taxes

On the verge

at the point when (something) is about to happen or is very likely to happen

Afghanistan

country in western Asia east of Iran

The Taliban

a political movement in Afghanistan

Deposed

to remove from a throne or other high position

Regime

a period of rule

Tried

to put to test or trial

Charged

a formal assertion of illegality

War crimes

a crime (such as genocide or maltreatment of prisoners) committed during or in connection with war —usually used in plural

Recession

a period of reduced economic activity

Criticized

to consider the merits and demerits of and judge accordingly: evaluate

Handled

controlling

Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone

Republican Party

A political party that began in 1854 and is today one of the two major political parties in the United States.

Democrats

a member of the Democratic Party.

Barack Obama

the 44th president of the U.S.A

Executive office

the presidency

New START treaty

a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and the Russian Federation

Russia

officially Russian Federation independent country in eastern Europe

Nuclear arsenals

A weapon whose destructive power comes from nuclear energy

televised speech

A broadcast, a speech on the television

Compound

to put together (parts) so as to form a whole: combine

Covert operation

a military operation

Reelected

to elect for another term in office

Immigration Reform Law

an Act of Congress which reformed United States immigration law.

Foreign policies

a government's strategy in dealing with other nations.

Concluding

to bring to an end

Syria

ancient region of southwestern Asia bordering on the Mediterranean Sea and covering modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan

Chemical weapons

a weapon (such as mustard gas or sarin)

Civilians

one not on active duty in the armed services or not on a police or firefighting force

Obligated

to meet an obligation

Rooting out

to find and remove (something or someone)