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question		réponse
allocation przyznanie, przydział, alokacja commencer à apprendre		distribution according to a plan
commercialize commencer à apprendre		to organize sth to make a profit
externalities efekt zewnętrzny commencer à apprendre		positive or negative consequences of economic activities experienced by other people pozytywne lub negatywne skutki działalności gospodarczej doświadczane przez inne osoby
infrastructure commencer à apprendre		the basic systems and services that are needed in order to support an economy, for example, transport and communication systems and electricity and water supplies
optimal commencer à apprendre		best; most likely to bring success or advantage
outcome wynik commencer à apprendre		the result or effect of an action, situation, etc
unfettered nieskrępowany, swobodny (np. rynek, działalność gospodarcza) commencer à apprendre		not controlled, limited, or prevented by anyone
income tax commencer à apprendre		Is a tax dedeted from the wages, salaries, dividends, interest, and other income a person earns throughout the year
wealth tax commencer à apprendre		the annual tax imposed on people's fortunes
direct tax commencer à apprendre		is a tax on wages, salaries or on company profit
indirect tax commencer à apprendre		is a tax paid on property, sales transactions, imports
value-added tax commencer à apprendre		a tax collected at each stage of production(for good or services)
progressive tax commencer à apprendre		a tax levied at a higher rate on higher incomes
capital gains tax commencer à apprendre		tax on the profits made from selling something you own
inheritance tax commencer à apprendre		a tax paid on money or property you have received from someone who has died. before it called capital transfer tax
tax evasion uchylanie się od płacenia podatków commencer à apprendre		ways of illegally paying less tax than you should
tax avoidance omijanie przepisów podatkowych w legalny sposób commencer à apprendre		the reduction, by legal methods, of the amount of tax that a person or company pays
tax haven commencer à apprendre		a place where people live or invest money so as to pay less tax than they would in other countries
money launderer osoba odpowiedzialna za pranie brudnych pieniędzy commencer à apprendre		is the illegal process of making large amounts of money generated by criminal activity, such as drug trafficking or terrorist funding, appear to have come from a legitimate source. to nielegalny proces polegający na pozyskiwaniu dużych sum pieniędzy z działalności przestępczej, takiej jak handel narkotykami lub finansowanie terroryzmu, które wydają się pochodzić z legalnego źródła.
loophole commencer à apprendre		a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something/ paying sth

22. Goverment and taxation

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