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manipulować
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manipulate
In order to be successful, some politicians manipulate other people to get what they want.
tworzyć
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create
Japanese and Korean companies have invested heavily in the UK, creating thousands of new jobs.
wyobrażać sobie coś, wymyślić
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conceive
The Internet was first conceived of as way of linking comupters in the USA together.
nastąpić, wynikać z czegoś
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ensue
Serious unrest and rioting ensued as a result of the decision to ignore the result of the election.
nowatorski
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innovative
Since consumers are always demanding new products, companies which can be innovative are more likely to succeed.
automatyczny
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automatic
Most planes today are controlled not by human pilots but by a computer system known as an automatic pilot, which is even responsible for taking off and landing.
matematyka
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mathematics
Most employers insist that their employees have qualifications in English and mathematics.
osiągać, odnosić sukces
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achieve
Some academics have argued that standards have been falling because more students are achieving first class degrees.
okres
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period
Over a period of twenty years, the economy grew at an average of 8% per year.
równowaga
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equilibrium
The price of a product will not change if there is equilibrium between the supply and the demand for that product.
tradycja
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tradition
By tradition, wedding guests in most cultures give presents or money to the newly merried couple.
seria, cykl
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series
In addition to the regular lectures, we have a series od public lectures given by guest speakers from other universities.
poprzedzać
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precede
Although the arrival of coffee in Britain preceded that of tea, it is the second drink which is the more popular today.
część, sekcja
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section
Reports are usually divided into separate sections with headings such as "Findings" and "Conclusions."
stabilny, trwały, pewny
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stable
After a very difficult night, his blood pressure became stable again and his family were allowed to visit him.
mieć miejsce, nastąpić
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take place
A new moon takes place every 28 days.
wydarzyć się
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occur
to happen, often without being planned
bierny, pasywny
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passive
Students should not be passive but should try instead to contribute as much as possible to discussions in seminar groups.
bezwładny, nieruchomy
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inert
Vanessa lay inert on the sofa.
odpowiedni, poszczególny
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respective
On the first day, the course director and the subjects tutor explained their respective roles to the new students.
wnioskować
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infer
It is now possible to infer a link between using mobile phones and contracting some forms of cancer.
sugerować
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imply
przyspieszać
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accelerate
The fact that population growth is still accelerating is one of the most important problems we face.
nadrabiać zaległości
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catch up on
główny
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major
Most universities need to earn money from private sources, but the major part of their funding still comes from the goverment.
część, porcja
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portion
Expenditure on weapons such as guns, tanks and aeroplanes consumes a large portion of country's wealth.
wahać się
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fluctuate
Because foreign exchange rates fluctuate, it is not always possible for exporters to know how much money they will receive from sales.
dokładać się
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contrubite
Member countries contribute money to the United Nations to pay for the running of the organization.
główny punkt, centrum, nacisk
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focus
The main focus of Greenpeace is on problems concerning pollution.
koncentracja, skupienie
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concentration
konstrukcja, projekt
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design
Although their design was often very good, the quality of many British cars tended to be poor.
przekształcać, zmieniać
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convert
Although it is very expensive, it is possible to convert other forms of carbon into diamonds.
wymieniać
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exchange
pojmować, rozumieć
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comprehend
Prehistoric man could not comprehend why the moon appears to grow bigger and then smaller each month.
upoważniać, zezwalać na
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authorize
In some situations, a law court can authorize the police to enter a house without the owner's permission.
teoria
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theory
In 1905, Einstein published the first part of his theory of relativity, which completely changed our ideas of time and space.
przesuwać, przenosić
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shift
Environmentalists point out that electric cars just shift the pollution problem from car itself to the electricity station.
rozwijać się, powiększać się
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expand
Most metals expand when they are heated.
intensywny
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intense
As a result of the intense heat of the fire, the front half of the train was completely distroyed.
świadomy
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aware
Fifty years ago, most smokers were not aware of the dangers of smoking.
funkcja, rola
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function
The new grading machine has the function of separating the larger pieces of metal from smaller pieces.
sąsiedni, przylegający
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adjacent
In many universities, there is a coffee bar adjacent to the library where students can take a break.
skoncentrować się, skupić się
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concentrate
After studying for two hours, it becomes difficult to concentrate on your work and so it is a good idea to take a break.
dojrzałość
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maturity
Some children show a great deal of maturity at a young age, while others may continue to be irresponsible.
statystyka
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statistics
Sadly, according to government statistics, over 30% of marriages and in divorce within five years.
dowodzić, demonstrować
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demonstrate
In the seventeenth century, Galileo demonstrated that all objects (heavy or light) fall at the same speed.
kluczowy, przełomowy
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crucial
In the 1980's, the US and Soviet governments made the crucial decision to reduce number of atomic weapons.
zniekształcać, wypaczać
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distort
Politicians often complain that newspapers distort what they say so that the readers cannot read the truth.
perspektywa, punkt widzenia
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perspective
The history of the Americas is usually seen from the perspective of the European immigrants, rather than from that of the original inhabitants.
komplikować
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complicate
An already difficult operation was complicated by the fact that the patient had a history of heart disease.
10 lat, dekada
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10 years, decade
Over the previous ten years (decade), we have seen an enormous growth in the number of home personal computers.
położyć nacisk, podkreślić
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emphasize, stress
Lecturers often speak more loudly and more slowly when they want ot stress (emphasize) an important point.
obnażać, ujawniać, demaskować
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expose, uncover
One important function of newspapers is to uncover (expose) dishonest behavior and wrong-doing by those in power.
organizacja, struktura
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organization, structure
The organization (structure) of the company has changed completely, with far fewer senior managers.
wskazywać, wyrażać
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indicate, signify
The decision to give longer prison sentences indicated (signified) a hardening of the government's attitude towards drug offenders.
wywoływać, stwarzać
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create, generate
The new computer system created (generated) a lot of interest among potential customers.
wynikający, będący tego konsekwencą
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consequent, resultant
When the government increased the tax on petrol, there was a resultant (consequent) rise in transport costs.
mała naczynia krwionośne, naczynia włoskowate
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small blood vessels, capillaries
In the first instance, the blood passes out of the heart, through the lungs and along the arteries before reaching small blood vessels (capillaries) within the skin.
idea, pojęcie, koncepcja
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concept, notion
Until the sixteenth century, the idea that the Earth moves around the Sun was regarded as a ridiculous idea, whereas. today we accept this concept (notion) ac completely normal.
oddziaływać na, mieć wpływ na
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affect, have an effect on
Pollution is a problem which has an effect (affects) on every country today.
przewidywać, prognozować
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predict, forecast
Most economists forecast (predict) that China will become a leading world economy in the twenty-first century.
stosowny, na temat, istotny
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relevant, pertinent
One difficult aspect of writing an essay is selecting material which is relevant (pertinent) to the topic and excluding irrelevant information.
przechodzić, przeżywać, doznawać
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experience, undergo
The company has experienced (undergone) a number of significant changes in the last few years.
wybierać
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choose, select
The first thing to do is to choose (select) the courses which you would like to study and then look at each university prospectus.
zewnętrzny
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external
Although he had no external injuries, doctors later found that he was suffering from internal bleeding.
na zewnątrz
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outside
odległy, oddalony
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outlying
kontrast
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contrast
There is marked contrast between the poverty of the poorest members of society and the affluence of the richest.
przeciwny, odwrotny
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opposite
zróżnicowanie, zmiana
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variation
jednoczesny, równoczesny
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simultaneous
The allied forces launched simultaneous bombing raids on several important sites in and around the enemy capital.
współczesny
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contemporary
przypadkowy
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random
rozdział
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chapter
Students are often advised to look at the first and last chapters of a book before attempting to read it in detail.
nagłówek
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heading
przybliżony
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approximate
Although this is far from certain, the approximate age of the universe is about 4,6 billion years.
ogólny
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general
szorstki, nierówny, orientacyjny
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rough
technologia
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technology
Some economists argue that new technology causes unemploymnet while others feel that it allows more jobs to be created.
potwierdzać, weryfikować
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verify
After you have submitted your application, the university will attempt to VERIFY that information you have supplied is correct.
zaświadzczać, potwierdzać
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certify
prowadzić dochodzenie/śledztwo
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investigate
faza
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phase
Young children go through a phase in their development when they try to copy everything they hear.
przejście, przemiana
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transition
zasada, prawo
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principle
In the some countries, there is no tax on books on the principle that education should not be taxed.
uzyskać, otrzymać
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obtain
Further information can be obtained from the nearest British Council office.
pole magnetyczne
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magnetic field
as everyone knows, certain metals such as iron and steel can have a magnetic field while others like copper cannot.
kawałek, część
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segment
Just as dividing up an orange into segments makes ti easier to eat, always try to break up a longer piece of text into small blocks of words.
indywidualny, osobisty
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individual
One problem of any teacher is that each student has his/her own individual needs.
szczególny, charakterystyczny
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distinctive
empiryczny
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empirical
Good theories are important of course, but we must have empirical evidence to support them.
zjawiska naturalne
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natural phenomena
In spite of advances in technology, we are still at risk from natural phenomena
wysoce zaawansowany
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highly sophisticated
One treat facing companies today is highly sophisticated computer 'hackers' who break into the most advanced computer systems.
sekwencja, ciąg wydarzeń
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sequence of events
The accident was the result of tragic sequence of events which could have been prevented with better safety procedures.
zareagować w sposób agresywny
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react angrily
The company reacted angrily to the suggestion that its products were unsafe.
ekonomicznie możliwe/wykonalne
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economically feasible
There is considerable doubt over whether the proposal by the American government of a manned trip to Mars is technically and economically feasible.
zagrożone gatunki
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endangered species
Tigers (and other large cats) are now an endangered species and may disappear altogether in the future.
dochodzić swoich praw
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assert the right
After the Second World War, African notions started to assert the right to become independent.
umowa ustna
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verbal agreement
In law, a verbal agreement even though it is not written down like a formal contract, is still a contract.
dokładne szczegóły
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precise details
While she refused to give any precise details, the Minister admitted that several people had been arrested.
poświęcić czas i pieniądze
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devote time and money
In order to produce new medicines, drug companies have to devote time and money an a huge scale to their research and development activities.
hamować wzrost
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inhibit growth
Most economists believe that high taxes inhibit growth in the economy.
przesyłać sygnały
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transmit signals
In spite of its age, the satellite is still continuing to transmit signals to Earth.
oddzielne podmioty
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separate entities
Are the mind and body the same thing or are they to separate entities?

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