14. State and society

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State and society
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państwo i społeczeństwo
ambassador
.
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the government minister appointed to act for his government in another country
ambasador
coalition
.
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the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time, or a government that is formed in this way
koalicja
conservative
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konserwatywny
constitution
.
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the set of political rules
konstytucja
democracy
.
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a system of government based on this belief, in which power is either held by elected representatives or directly by the people themselves
demokracja
department
.
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any of the divisions or parts of esp. a school, business, or government
ministerstwo, wydział, dział
diplomat
.
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an official whose job is to represent one country in another, and who usually works in an embassy
dyplomat
embassy
.
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the official group of people who live in a foreign country and represent their government there, or the building where they work
ambasada
form the government
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utworzyć rząd
government
.
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the group of people who officially control a country
rząd
head of state
.
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the official leader of a country, often someone who has few or no real political powers
głowa państwa
mayor
.
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the person who is elected to governs a town or city
burmistrz
minister
.
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a politician who is responsible for a government department or has an important position in it
minister
ministry
.
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a government department that is responsible for a particular subject
ministerstwo
monarchy
.
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a system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen
monarchia
MP (Member of Parliament)
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poseł
PM (Prime Minister)
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premier
parliament
.
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a group of people who make the laws for the country
parlament
president
.
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the highest political position in some countries, usually the leader of the government
prezydent
royal family
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rodzina królewska
politics and ideology
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polityka i ideologia
campaign
.
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a series of organized activities or events intended to achieve a result
kampania
feminism
.
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the belief that women should have the same economic, social, and political rights as men
feminizm
feminist
.
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someone who supports feminism
feminista
general election
.
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an election in which the people living in a country vote to decide who will represent them in the government
wybory powszechne
hold an election
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przeprowadzać wybory
immigration
.
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he process in which people come to live in a different country
imigracja
left-wing
.
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supporting the ideas of parties on the political left lewicowy
lewicowy
liberal
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liberalny
opposition
.
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political parties that are not in power
opozycja
political beliefs
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przekonania polityczne
political leader
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przywódca polityczny
political party
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partia polityczna
politician
.
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someone who works in politics, especially a member of the government
polityk
politics
.
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ideas and activities relating to how a country or area is governed
polityka
reform
.
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changes made to improve a system, organization, or law
reforma
right-wing
.
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supporting the ideas of parties on the political right
prawicowy
term
.
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the fixed period of time when someone works as president or PM
kadencja
city council
.
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the local government of a city
rada miasta
European Union
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Unia Europejska
local authority
.
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the group of people who govern a small area of a country
władze lokalne
conflicts
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konflikty
ceasefire
.
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an agreement, usually between two armies, to stop fighting in order to allow discussions about peace
zawieszenie broni
civil war
.
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a war between groups of people who live in the same country
wojna domowa
civilians
.
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someone who is not a member of a military organization or the police
cywil
commit genocide
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dopuścić się ludobójstwa
draft
.
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to order someone to join the armed forces
powoływać do wojska
duty
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obowiązek
fire a gun
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strzelać z pistoletu
impose a curfew
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wprowadzić godzinę policyjną
invasion
.
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an occasion when an army enters a country by force in order to take control of it
inwazja, najazd
launch an attack
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przeprowadzić atak
lay down arms
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złożyć broń
martial law
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stan wojenny
military alliance
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sojusz wojskowy
nuclear war
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wojna nuklearna
peaceful protest
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pokojowy protest
prisoner of war
.
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a soldier who is caught by enemy soldiers during a war
jeniec wojenny
riot
.
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angry, violent behaviour by a crowd of people
zamieszki
target
.
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to aim an attack at a particular person or place
brać kogoś na cel
terrorist attack
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atak terrorystyczny
threaten
.
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to tell someone that you will kill or hurt them, or cause problems for them if they do not do what you want
grozić
unarmed
.
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not carrying a weapon
nieuzbrojony
victory
.
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a win in a fight or competition
zwycięstwo
violent protest
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gwałtowny protest
world war
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wojna światowa
crime and punishment
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zbrodnia i kara
accuse
.
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to say that someone has done something bad
oskarżać
announce the verdict
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ogłosić wyrok
armed robbery
.
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the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone using weapons:
rabunek z bronią w ręku
arrest
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aresztować
arson
.
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the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to destroy something, especially a building
podpalenie
burglary
.
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the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things
kradzież z włamaniem
commit a traffic offence
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popełnić wykroczenie drogowe
criminal
.
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someone who commits a crime
przestępca
cybercrime
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crime or illegal activity on the internet
defence
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obrona
demand a ransom
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żądać okupu
firearms
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broń palna
forge documents
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podrabiać dokumenty
get a fine
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dostać mandat/karę grzywny
go on trial
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go on trial Anglais
mieć proces
hijack a plane
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porwać samolot
innocent
.
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not guilty
niewinny
judge
.
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a person who is in charge of a trial in a court and decides how a person who is guilty of a crime should be punished
sędzia
jury
.
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a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide if a person is guilty or not guilty
ława przysięgłych
life imprisonment
.
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the punishment of being put in prison until death
kara dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności
manslaughter
.
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the crime of killing a person when the killer did not intend to do it or cannot be responsible for his or her actions
nieumyślne spowodowanie śmierci
money laundering
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pranie brudnych pieniędzy
mugging
.
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an act of attacking someone and stealing their money
napaść rabunkowa
penalty
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kara, grzywna
pickpocket
.
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a thief who steals things out of pockets or bags, especially in a crowd
kieszonkowiec
plead guilty
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przyznać się do winy
prosecutor
.
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a legal official who accuses someone of committing a crime, especially in a law court
prokurator
punishment
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ukaranie, kara
release from prison
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wypuścić z więzienia
release on bail
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wyjść za kaucją
report an incident
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zgłaszać zajście
rob a bank
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napadać na bank
robbery
.
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the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone
napad
run an Internet scam
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prowadzić oszustwa internetowe
safety
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bezpieczeństwo
sentence sb to two years in prison
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skazać na dwa lata więzienia
sexual harassment
.
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unwanted or offensive sexual attention, suggestions, or talk
napastowanie seksualne
shoplifting
.
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the illegal act of taking goods from a shop without paying for them
kradzież towarów ze sklepu
smuggle
.
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to take things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally
przemycać
suspect
.
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to think or believe something to be true or probable
podejrzewać, podejrzany
take a bribe
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przyjmować łapówkę
take a hostage
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wziąć zakładnika
theft
.
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dishonestly taking something that belongs to someone else and keeping it
kradzież
thief
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a person who steals
traffic in drugs
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handlować narkotykami
trespassing
.
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going onto someone's land or enter their building without permission
wtargnięcie
verdict
.
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an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given
wyrok
victim
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ofiara
violence
.
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actions or words that are intended to hurt people
przemoc
witness
.
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a person who sees a crime
świadek
witness a crime
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być świadkiem przestępstwa
social work
.
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the job of giving help and support to people who have family problems or who are old or ill
praca społeczna
charity worker
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pracownik organizacji
community
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społeczność
donate money
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dawać datek
foundation
.
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an organization that has been created in order to provide money for a particular group of people in need of help
fundacja
fund-raising
...
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the activity of persuading people and organizations to give money for something
gromadzenie funduszy
good cause
.
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a socially useful organization or activity that is not managed for profit
szczytny cel
mission
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misja
public money
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środki publiczne
raise awareness
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podnosić świadomość
raise money for charity
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zbierać pieniądze na cele dobroczynne
rely on the state
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liczyć na pomoc ze strony państwa
runaway
.
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someone who has escaped or run away from somewhere
zbieg, uciekinier
social reform
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reforma społeczna
society
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społeczeństwo
the elderly
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osoby w podeszłym wieku
the homeless
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bezdomni
underprivileged children
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dzieci żyjące w złych warunkach
unemployment benefit
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zasiłek dla bezrobotnych
human rights
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prawa człowieka
civil rights
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prawa obywatelskie
crimes against humanity
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zbrodnie przeciw ludzkości
dignity
.
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the importance and value that a person has
godność
discriminate against sb
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dyskryminować kogoś
discrimination
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dyskryminacja
equality
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równość
fairness
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sprawiedliwość
independence
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niezależność
inequality
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nierówność
liberty
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wolność
respect
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szacunek
right to a fair trial
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prawo do sprawiedliwego sądu
vote in free elections
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głosować w wolnych wyborach
women’s rights
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prawa kobiet
economy
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ekonomia
bankruptcy
.
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a situation in which a business or a person becomes bankrupt
bankructwo
bankrupt
.
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unable to pay what you owe
bankrut
capital
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kapitał
debt
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dług
deficit
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deficyt
demand
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popyt
bribe
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łapówka
inflation
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inflacja
interest
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oprocentowanie
loan
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pożyczka
minimum wage
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płaca minimalna
monopoly
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monopol
public spending
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wydatki publiczne
stock market
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giełda papierów wartościowych
supply
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podaż
tax
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podatek
religion
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religia
atheism
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ateizm
atheist
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ateista
Buddhism
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buddyzm
Christianity
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chrześcijaństwo
church
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kościół
Hinduism
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hinduizm
Islam
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islam
Judaism
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judaizm
muslim
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muzułmanin

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