→ 06 Air Law & Airspace → Start Learning / Flashcards Téléchargement MP3

question		réponse
What does SERA stand for? commencer à apprendre		Standardised European Rules of the Air.
What is the main EU regulation containing SERA? commencer à apprendre		Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923/2012, as amended.
What is ICAO Annex 2? commencer à apprendre		Rules of the Air.
What is ICAO Annex 6? commencer à apprendre		Operation of Aircraft.
What is ICAO Annex 10? commencer à apprendre		Aeronautical Telecommunications.
What is ICAO Annex 11? commencer à apprendre		Air Traffic Services.
What is ICAO Annex 12? commencer à apprendre		Search and Rescue.
What is ICAO Annex 14? commencer à apprendre		Aerodromes.
What is ICAO Annex 15? commencer à apprendre		Aeronautical Information Services.
What is ICAO Annex 19? commencer à apprendre		Safety Management.
What is ICAO Doc 4444? commencer à apprendre		PANS-ATM: Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Air Traffic Management.
What is ICAO Doc 8168? commencer à apprendre		PANS-OPS: Aircraft Operations, including flight procedures and procedure design.
What does SARP stand for? commencer à apprendre		Standard and Recommended Practice.
Who is responsible for compliance with the Rules of the Air? commencer à apprendre		The pilot-in-command, whether manipulating the controls or not.
May the PIC depart from the Rules of the Air in an emergency? commencer à apprendre		Yes, when absolutely necessary in the interests of safety.
Who has final authority over the disposition of the aircraft? commencer à apprendre		The pilot-in-command.
What must pre-flight action include for IFR flights? commencer à apprendre		Study of available information, weather, fuel/energy requirements and an alternative course of action.
What is controlled airspace? commencer à apprendre		Airspace where ATC service is provided according to its airspace classification.
Which ICAO/SERA airspace classes are controlled airspace? commencer à apprendre		Classes A, B, C, D and E.
What is a controlled flight? commencer à apprendre		Any flight subject to an ATC clearance.
What is a Flight Information Region (FIR)? commencer à apprendre		Airspace of defined dimensions within which FIS and alerting service are provided.
What is a control area (CTA)? commencer à apprendre		Controlled airspace extending upward from a specified limit above the Earth.
What is a control zone (CTR)? commencer à apprendre		Controlled airspace extending upward from the surface to a specified upper limit.
What is a prohibited area? commencer à apprendre		Airspace within which flight is prohibited.
What is a restricted area? commencer à apprendre		Airspace within which flight is restricted according to specified conditions.
What is a danger area? commencer à apprendre		Airspace where activities dangerous to aircraft flight may exist at specified times.
Can an aircraft enter a prohibited or restricted area freely? commencer à apprendre		No. Only according to published conditions or with appropriate permission.
What flights are permitted in Class A airspace? commencer à apprendre		IFR only.
What separation is provided in Class A? commencer à apprendre		All aircraft are separated from each other.
Is ATC clearance required in Class A? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Are IFR and VFR flights permitted in Class B? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
What separation is provided in Class B? commencer à apprendre		All IFR and VFR aircraft are separated from each other.
Is ATC clearance required for both IFR and VFR in Class B? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Are IFR and VFR flights permitted in Class C? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
From which traffic are IFR flights separated in Class C? commencer à apprendre		From both IFR and VFR traffic.
From which traffic are VFR flights separated in Class C? commencer à apprendre		From IFR traffic.
Are VFR flights separated from other VFR flights in Class C? commencer à apprendre		No; they receive traffic information and avoidance advice on request.
Is ATC clearance required for all flights in Class C? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Are IFR and VFR flights permitted in Class D? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
From which traffic are IFR flights separated in Class D? commencer à apprendre		From other IFR flights.
Are VFR flights separated from IFR traffic in Class D? commencer à apprendre		No; traffic information is provided.
Is ATC clearance required for all flights in Class D? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Are IFR and VFR flights permitted in Class E? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
What separation is provided to IFR flights in Class E? commencer à apprendre		IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights.
Are VFR flights separated from other traffic in Class E? commencer à apprendre		No.
Does VFR normally require ATC clearance in Class E? commencer à apprendre		No.
Does IFR require ATC clearance in Class E? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Is continuous two-way radio normally required for IFR in Class E? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Is continuous two-way radio normally required for VFR in Class E? commencer à apprendre		No, unless another requirement such as an RMZ applies.
Can a control zone be Class E under SERA? commencer à apprendre		No.
What service characterises Class F airspace? commencer à apprendre		Air traffic advisory service for participating IFR flights; FIS is available if requested.
Is ATC clearance required in Class F? commencer à apprendre		No.
What separation is provided in Class G? commencer à apprendre		None by ATC.
What service may be provided in Class G? commencer à apprendre		Flight Information Service if requested.
Is ATC clearance required in Class G? commencer à apprendre		No.
How does SERA classify airspace above FL195? commencer à apprendre		Class C.
Where does the standard 250 kt IAS limit below 10,000 ft apply under SERA? commencer à apprendre		VFR in Class C and all flights in Classes D, E, F and G, subject to authorised exceptions.
Why does the 250 kt limit exist in less restrictive airspace? commencer à apprendre		To improve the ability to visually acquire traffic that may not be separated.
What is an RMZ? commencer à apprendre		Radio Mandatory Zone.
What is required when operating in an RMZ? commencer à apprendre		Continuous radio watch and two-way communication as necessary, unless alternative provisions apply.
What should an initial RMZ call normally contain? commencer à apprendre		Station, callsign, aircraft type, position, level, intentions and other required information.
What is a TMZ? commencer à apprendre		Transponder Mandatory Zone.
What equipment is normally required in a TMZ? commencer à apprendre		An operating Mode A/C or Mode S SSR transponder, unless alternative provisions apply.
Where are RMZs and TMZs published? commencer à apprendre		In the relevant AIP.
What are the standard VMC minima at or above 10,000 ft? commencer à apprendre		8 km visibility; 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically from cloud.
What are the standard VMC minima below 10,000 ft above the low-level band? commencer à apprendre		5 km visibility; 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically from cloud.
What defines the low-level VMC band? commencer à apprendre		At or below 3,000 ft AMSL or 1,000 ft above terrain, whichever is higher.
What are the low-level VMC minima in Classes A–E? commencer à apprendre		5 km visibility; 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically from cloud.
What are the normal low-level VMC minima in Classes F and G? commencer à apprendre		5 km visibility, clear of cloud and with the surface in sight.
Can low-level visibility in Class F/G be reduced below 5 km? commencer à apprendre		Yes, when specifically prescribed by the competent authority.
What is a typical lower visibility limit for qualifying fixed-wing low-level VFR? commencer à apprendre		1,500 m when permitted and flown at 140 kt IAS or less under applicable conditions.
Do published VMC minima for Class A mean VFR is allowed there? commencer à apprendre		No. They are provided for guidance; Class A remains IFR only.
Without special clearance, when may VFR not take off or land at an aerodrome in a CTR? commencer à apprendre		When ceiling is below 1,500 ft or ground visibility below 5 km.
May VFR normally operate above FL195? commencer à apprendre		No, except under specific published or authorised arrangements.
How high may specifically authorised VFR traffic operate under the SERA exception? commencer à apprendre		Up to and including FL285.
Why is VFR authorisation above FL285 restricted in RVSM airspace? commencer à apprendre		Because 1,000 ft vertical separation is applied above FL290.
What is the minimum VFR height over a congested area? commencer à apprendre		1,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 600 m, except for take-off, landing or authorised exceptions.
What is the normal minimum VFR height elsewhere? commencer à apprendre		500 ft above ground/water or the highest obstacle within 500 ft radius.
When do VFR cruising levels normally apply? commencer à apprendre		In level cruising flight above 3,000 ft above ground or water, unless otherwise specified.
What is Special VFR? commencer à apprendre		A VFR flight authorised by ATC to operate within a CTR in conditions below normal VFR criteria.
Is an ATC clearance required for Special VFR? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Must Special VFR remain clear of cloud? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Must a Special VFR pilot keep the surface in sight? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
What is the minimum Special VFR flight visibility for aeroplanes? commencer à apprendre		1,500 m.
What is the minimum Special VFR flight visibility for helicopters? commencer à apprendre		800 m.
What is the maximum normal Special VFR speed? commencer à apprendre		140 kt IAS.
Is Special VFR normally conducted by day? commencer à apprendre		Yes, unless night SVFR is permitted by the competent authority.
When may ATC not issue SVFR for take-off, landing or circuit operations to an aeroplane? commencer à apprendre		If ground visibility is below 1,500 m or ceiling below 600 ft.
What instruments and navigation equipment must an IFR aircraft have? commencer à apprendre		Equipment appropriate to the route and compliant with applicable air operations rules.
If no State minimum IFR altitude is published, what applies over mountainous/high terrain? commencer à apprendre		At least 2,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 8 km.
If no State minimum IFR altitude is published, what applies elsewhere? commencer à apprendre		At least 1,000 ft above the highest obstacle within 8 km.
Does encountering VMC automatically justify cancelling IFR? commencer à apprendre		No.
When should IFR normally be cancelled after entering VMC? commencer à apprendre		Only when continued flight in uninterrupted VMC is intended and expected for a reasonable period.
What phrase is used to cancel IFR under SERA? commencer à apprendre		“CANCELLING MY IFR FLIGHT.”
Can ATC invite or pressure a pilot to cancel IFR? commencer à apprendre		No.
What rules apply to IFR flights within controlled airspace? commencer à apprendre		They must comply with ATC clearances and applicable ATC procedures.
How are IFR cruising levels selected outside controlled airspace? commencer à apprendre		According to track and the table of cruising levels, unless otherwise specified.
When are cruising levels expressed as flight levels? commencer à apprendre		At or above the lowest usable flight level or above the transition altitude.
When are cruising levels expressed as altitudes? commencer à apprendre		Below the lowest usable flight level or at/below the transition altitude.
What is transition altitude? commencer à apprendre		The altitude at or below which vertical position is normally expressed as altitude.
What is transition level? commencer à apprendre		The lowest usable flight level above the transition altitude.
What is the transition layer? commencer à apprendre		The airspace between transition altitude and transition level.
For tracks 000°–179°, which IFR cruising levels are used? commencer à apprendre		Odd thousands: FL030, FL050, FL070, etc., subject to the applicable level table.
For tracks 180°–359°, which IFR cruising levels are used? commencer à apprendre		Even thousands: FL040, FL060, FL080, etc., subject to the applicable level table.
For tracks 000°–179°, which VFR cruising levels are normally used? commencer à apprendre		Odd thousands plus 500 ft: e.g. FL035, FL055, FL075.
For tracks 180°–359°, which VFR cruising levels are normally used? commencer à apprendre		Even thousands plus 500 ft: e.g. FL045, FL065, FL085.
What does RVSM stand for? commencer à apprendre		Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum.
What vertical separation does RVSM provide? commencer à apprendre		1,000 ft.
What is the standard ICAO RVSM band? commencer à apprendre		FL290 to FL410 inclusive.
Why does RVSM require specific aircraft capability? commencer à apprendre		Altimetry and altitude-keeping performance must support reliable 1,000 ft separation.
When is an ATS flight plan required for a flight receiving ATC service? commencer à apprendre		Before operating any flight or portion of flight to be provided with ATC service.
Is a flight plan required for an IFR flight in advisory airspace? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Is a flight plan normally required for an international border crossing? commencer à apprendre		Yes, unless otherwise prescribed by the States concerned.
Is a flight plan required for a night flight leaving the vicinity of an aerodrome? commencer à apprendre		Yes under SERA.
How early may an applicable flight plan normally be submitted? commencer à apprendre		Not more than 120 hours before EOBT.
How early should a flight subject to ATFM normally file? commencer à apprendre		At least 3 hours before EOBT.
How early should other applicable flights normally file before departure? commencer à apprendre		At least 60 minutes before departure.
If filing in flight, how early must ATS receive the plan before entering relevant controlled/advisory airspace? commencer à apprendre		At least 10 minutes before the intended entry or crossing point.
Can a flight plan cover only part of a flight? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
What are key elements of an ATS flight plan? commencer à apprendre		Identification, rules/type, aircraft/equipment, departure, time, speed, level, route, destination, alternates and endurance.
Why is closing a flight plan important when an arrival report is required? commencer à apprendre		Failure to close it can trigger unnecessary alerting and search-and-rescue action.
What does ATS stand for? commencer à apprendre		Air Traffic Services.
What services are included in ATS? commencer à apprendre		ATC, Flight Information Service, alerting service and air traffic advisory service.
What are the main objectives of ATS? commencer à apprendre		Prevent collisions, maintain orderly traffic, provide useful information and support search and rescue.
To which IFR flights is ATC service provided? commencer à apprendre		All IFR flights in Classes A, B, C, D and E.
To which VFR flights is ATC service provided? commencer à apprendre		VFR flights in Classes B, C and D.
Is ATC service provided to Special VFR flights? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Is ATC service provided to aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes? commencer à apprendre		Yes.
Does receiving Flight Information Service transfer responsibility from the PIC? commencer à apprendre		No. The PIC remains responsible for decisions.
What is the purpose of Flight Information Service? commencer à apprendre		To provide advice and information useful for safe and efficient flight.
What is alerting service? commencer à apprendre		A service notifying and assisting organisations when aircraft may need search-and-rescue assistance.
Which aircraft normally receive alerting service? commencer à apprendre		ATC-controlled aircraft, filed/known flights as practicable, and aircraft subject to unlawful interference.
What does ACC stand for? commencer à apprendre		Area Control Centre.
What is the main role of an ACC? commencer à apprendre		Providing area control service to controlled flights en route.
What is the main role of approach control? commencer à apprendre		ATC service for controlled arriving and departing flights.
What is the main role of an aerodrome control tower? commencer à apprendre		ATC service for aerodrome traffic.
What does AFIS provide? commencer à apprendre		Flight Information Service and alerting service, not ATC service.
What does INCERFA mean? commencer à apprendre		Uncertainty phase.
What does ALERFA mean? commencer à apprendre		Alert phase.
What does DETRESFA mean? commencer à apprendre		Distress phase.
What characterises DETRESFA? commencer à apprendre		Reasonable certainty of grave and imminent danger or a need for immediate assistance.
Does an ATC clearance remove the PIC’s collision-avoidance responsibility? commencer à apprendre		No.
Must pilots maintain vigilance even in controlled airspace and under IFR? commencer à apprendre		Yes, whenever circumstances permit detection of collision hazards.
What should an aircraft with right-of-way normally do? commencer à apprendre		Maintain heading and speed.
What should two aircraft approaching head-on do? commencer à apprendre		Both alter heading to the right.
In a converging situation at similar level, which aircraft gives way? commencer à apprendre		The aircraft that has the other aircraft on its right.
Which has priority: a power-driven aeroplane or a sailplane? commencer à apprendre		The sailplane.
Which has priority: a sailplane or a balloon? commencer à apprendre		The balloon.
What must a power-driven aircraft do when encountering an aircraft towing another aircraft or object? commencer à apprendre		Give way.
Which aircraft has right-of-way during overtaking? commencer à apprendre		The aircraft being overtaken.
To which side should an overtaking powered aircraft normally alter heading? commencer à apprendre		To the right.
Who has priority: an aircraft landing or one operating on the ground? commencer à apprendre		The landing aircraft.
When two aircraft are approaching to land, which normally has priority? commencer à apprendre		The lower aircraft, but it must not cut in front of another on final.
What priority does an aircraft making an emergency landing have? commencer à apprendre		Other aircraft must give way.
What must a taxiing aircraft do for an aircraft taking off or about to take off? commencer à apprendre		Give way.
What should two taxiing aircraft approaching head-on do? commencer à apprendre		Stop or, where practicable, both alter course to the right.
In a taxiway converging conflict, who gives way? commencer à apprendre		The aircraft that has the other aircraft on its right.
May an aircraft cross an illuminated stop bar? commencer à apprendre		No.
When may an aircraft proceed past a stop bar normally? commencer à apprendre		When the stop-bar lights are switched off and the required clearance has been received.
What should a pilot do if uncertain of position on the manoeuvring area? commencer à apprendre		Stop and immediately notify ATS, including the last known position.
What if position is uncertain but the pilot knows the aircraft is on a runway? commencer à apprendre		Notify ATS, vacate via a suitable taxiway if able and not otherwise instructed, then stop.
What direction are aerodrome traffic-pattern turns normally made? commencer à apprendre		To the left unless otherwise indicated or instructed by ATC.
What is the normal preferred take-off and landing direction? commencer à apprendre		Into wind, unless safety, runway configuration or traffic considerations favour another direction.
What is SSR code 7700? commencer à apprendre		Emergency.
What is SSR code 7600? commencer à apprendre		Radio-communication failure.
What is SSR code 7500? commencer à apprendre		Unlawful interference.
What is the normal SERA conspicuity code when not receiving ATS? commencer à apprendre		7000, unless another code is prescribed.
What code may be selected when receiving ATS but no specific SSR code has been assigned? commencer à apprendre		2000 or another code prescribed by the competent authority.
When should IDENT normally be operated? commencer à apprendre		When requested by ATS.
What ATC items must always be read back? commencer à apprendre		Route, runway, level, heading, speed, SSR, frequency, altimeter and transition-level safety-related instructions.
Which runway instructions require readback? commencer à apprendre		Enter, land, take off, hold short, cross, taxi or backtrack on a runway.
Why is correct readback essential? commencer à apprendre		It allows ATC to detect and correct misunderstandings before they become operational errors.
What must a controlled flight normally do with its current flight plan? commencer à apprendre		Adhere to it unless a change is requested and cleared or emergency action is required.
What should be done after an inadvertent deviation from track? commencer à apprendre		Correct the heading and regain track as soon as practicable.
If an ATC clearance is unacceptable or cannot safely be complied with, what should the pilot do? commencer à apprendre		Inform ATC and request or obtain an amended clearance.
What time standard is used in aviation under SERA? commencer à apprendre		Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
How is UTC expressed operationally? commencer à apprendre		Hours and minutes of the 24-hour day, with seconds when required.

06 Air Law & Airspace

Vous devez vous connecter pour poster un commentaire.